临沂市PM2.5和PM10中元素分布特征及来源解析

为探究临沂市PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)中元素的污染特征及来源,于2016年12月至2017年10月对临沂市环境空气中PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)进行了同步采样.利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定了其中的23种元素,并采用富集因子法和PMF法分析其来源.结果表明,采样期间临沂市PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)中主要元素为Si、Ca、Al、Fe、K、Na和Mg,分别占所测元素的质量分数为92.93%和94.61%. 18种元素(除Ti、Ni、Mo、Cd和Mg)的浓度水平在冬春季最高,夏秋季最低.其中Si、Al、Ca、K和Na表现为春季浓度最高,主要分布在粗颗粒中;Cu、Zn、Pb和Sb表现为冬季浓度最高,主要分布在细颗粒中.富集因子结果表明Cd、Sb和Bi元素富集程度显著,主要受燃煤、工业生产、垃圾焚烧等人为源共同影响.PMF源解析结果表明,临沂市PM_(2.5)中元素来源主要有燃煤和铜冶炼的混合源、市政垃圾焚烧源、扬尘源、机动车排放和工业源,贡献率分别为22.64%、 7.49%、 41.22%、 14.71%和13.94%.PM_(10)中元素来源主要有扬尘源、燃煤和铜冶炼的混合源、机动车排放和工业源,贡献率分别为55.47%、 19.80%、 7.48%和12.83%.由此可见,扬尘源和燃煤与铜冶炼的混合源是临沂市颗粒物污染形成过程中的重要源类.

Distribution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Elements Bonded with PM2.5 and PM10 in Linyi

To investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of elements bonded with PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Linyi, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ sample collections were carried out simultaneously in Linyi from December 2016 to October 2017, and 23 elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), with the enrichment factor method and PMF employed to determine the source apportionment. The results indicated that the dominant elements in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were recognized as Si, Ca, Al, Fe, K, Na, and Mg, accounting for 92.93% and 94.61% of the total measured elements, respectively. The concentrations of 18 elements (excluding Ti, Ni, Mo, Cd, and Mg) were highest in winter and spring, and lowest in summer and autumn. Si, Al, Ca, K, and Na showed the highest levels in spring, mainly distributed in coarse particles; Cu, Zn, Pb, and Sb showed the highest levels in winter, mainly distributed in fine particles. The enrichment factor results showed that the enrichment of Cd, Sb, and Bi was significant, mainly originated by anthropogenic sources such as coal combustion, industrial production, and waste incineration. Based on the analysis results of PMF, coal, and copper smelting, municipal waste incineration, fugitive dust, vehicle emissions, and industrial sources were the main sources of elements in PM_2.5, accounting for 22.64%, 7.49%, 41.22%, 14.71%, and 13.94%, respectively. For PM₁₀, fugitive dust, coal and copper smelting, vehicle emissions, and industrial sources were the main sources of elements, contributing 55.47%, 19.80%, 7.48%, and 12.83%, respectively. Our results suggested that the main contributors to particulate matter pollution in Linyi during the sampling period were fugitive dust, and coal and copper smelting.