利用石生苔藓氮含量与氮同位素探讨江西省大气氮沉降量和来源

2009～2010年在江西省“R>”型酸控区11个地区采集了107个石生细叶小羽藓样品. 通过分析苔藓氮含量和氮同位素组成，以反映大气氮沉降强度和空间分布特征，并甄别大气氮的主要来源. 结果表明，江西省不同地区苔藓平均氮含量变化范围为2.46%～3.48%. 整体上呈现赣西北偏高、赣东南偏低的特点，反映出江西省大气氮沉降水平由北向南逐渐递减的空间分布特征. 江西省城市市区苔藓氮含量（2.79%～3.48%）明显高于郊区氮含量（2.46%～2.74%），说明市区大气氮沉降量高于郊区氮沉降量. 苔藓平均氮同位素均为负值［(-1.96±1.30) ‰～(-9.74±0.25)‰］，并且市区比郊区明显偏负. 市区苔藓偏负的氮同位素值（-5.51‰～-9.74‰）指示了城市污水和人畜排泄物为主要的氨源，而郊区氮同位素值（-4.81‰～-1.96‰）反映出农业活动氨源的贡献. 本研究为大气氮沉降的生态环境效应提供基础资料.

Nitrogen Concentrations and Stable Isotope in Epilithic Mosses to Investigate Atmospheric N Deposition and N Sources in Jiangxi Province

Atmospheric N deposition and N sources in Jiangxi Province were investigated on the basis of the nitrogen concentrations and nitrogen isotope in epilithic mosses which collected from 11 cities of the province during 2009-2010. Mean nitrogen concentrations ranged from 2.46% to 3.48% and showed a significant regional difference. The highest was found in the northwestern of the province and the lowest in the southeastern, reflecting that the level of the atmospheric N deposition gradually decreased from the north to the south in the province. The higher N concentrations in urban mosses than in suburban mosses indicated that the urban areas received higher rates of nitrogen deposition than suburbs areas. Mosses 15N values varied from (-9.74 +/- 0.25) per thousand to (-1.96 +/- 1.30) per thousand. More negative delta15N values of urban mosses (-5.51 per thousand-9.74 per thousand) indicated that more NH3 was released from excretory wastes and sewage, while less negative delta15N values of suburban mosses (-4.81 per thousand-1.96 per thousand) suggested an important contribution from agricultural NH3 emission due to intensive fertilizer application. This research provides basic information for further study on the ecological and environmental effects of atmospheric N deposition.