城市生活垃圾集装箱转运过程中污染物产生状况研究

以上海市某生活垃圾中转站垃圾集装箱为研究对象,分析了1 a不同季节中转站集装箱内垃圾二次污染物的产生和变化规律.结果表明,集装箱内产生的主要气体指标中,H2S的变化范围为0.3~10.3 mg·m-3;CH4的变化范围为0.02%~2.97%;NH3的变化范围为0.7~4.5 mg·m-3,浓度峰值都出现在夏季.产生的渗滤液水质指标中,pH值在5.4~6.3之间变化,呈现酸性;SS在9 120~32 475 mg·L-1之间变化,波动较大;有机物COD的变化范围为41 633~84 060 mg·L-1,BOD5在18 116~34 130 mg·L-1之间变化,呈现出冬季高于夏季的特点;氨氮和总磷的变化范围分别为537~1 222 mg·L-1和17.98~296 mg·L-1之间,季节变化不明显.极端温度特别是夏季高温对箱体内气体污染物的产生影响明显,警示夏季要谨防在高温暴露和过长的停留时间,以防止易燃易爆气体和其他污染物的大量产生.

Pollutants Produced in Municipal Refuse Container During Transfer Process

The generation and variation of the secondary pollutants in containers during seasons of a year were investigated in a municipal refuse transfer station of Shanghai. The results showed that the primary odors, the concentration of H₂S was in a range of 0.3-10.3 mg·m^-3, CH₄ was in a range of 0.02%-2.97% and NH₃ was in a range of 0.7-4.5 mg·m^-3, and their concentrations all reached the peak in the summer. The pH of the leachate was in a range of 5.4-6.3, COD was 41633-84060 mg·L^-1, and BOD₅ was 18116-34130 mg·L^-1, the concentration of pollutants were all higher in winter than that in summer. The ammonia concentration of leachate was in a range of 537-1222 mg·L^-1, while the TP fluctuated acutely in a range of 17.98-296 mg·L^-1, exhibiting the relationship with seasonal variation. Extreme temperatures especially the high temperature in summer significantly affected air pollution producing, which indicated that containers should be kept against high temperature exposure and long residence time in order to prevent flammable gases and other pollutants generated largely.