环境毒物检测方法──细菌培养顶空气相色谱法及其应用研究

用顶空气相色谱技术测定环境毒物对大肠杆菌（Ｅ．Ｃｏｌｉ）代谢产物ＣＯ２的抑制程度，以ＩＣ５０（５０％抑制浓度）判断毒性大小，旨在探索一种快速检测环境污染物毒性的方法。本试验选择最佳条件为；细菌浓度１０９个／ｍｌ，ｐＨ值７２—７．４，顶空管气液比１：２．５，培养４ｈ，以及适宜的ＣＯ２测定色谱条件。用该方法检测８种离子毒性，ＩＣ５０值顺序为Ｈｇ２＋（０．８６×１０—６）＞Ｃｕ２＋（８．００×１０—６）＞Ｃｄ２＋（８．３９×１０－６）＞ＣＮ－（１０．２０×１０－６）＞Ｐｂ２＋（１１．２０×１０－６）＞Ｓｎ２＋（２０．１０×１０－６）＞Ｎｉ２＋（３９．７０×１０－６）；研究了Ｃｄ２＋、Ｈｇ２＋、Ｃｕ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋和ＣＮ－５种离子间联合毒性作用，大多数表现为相加作用，也有协同和拮抗作用；芳香族化合物结构活性与毒性两者间有密切关系，取代基种类和数目不同，毒性各异；探讨硝基废水处理过程中毒性随硝基苯类化合物的浓度、ＣＯＤ值降低而减弱。

Study on the Method for Detecting Environmental Toxicants and Its Application:Bacterial Culture/Head Space Gas Chromatography

Aiming to explore a rapid, sensitive method for monitoring environmental toxicants, a head space gas chromatographic technique was used to determine the extent to which the environmental toxicants have inhibited carbon dioxide (CO2) as a product of the bacteria E. Colt metabolization and ICao, a concentration of an environmental toxicant being tested that has an effect of 50% inhibition, was used as a measure of the toxicity of the environmental toxicant. The optimized conditions in this test include. a bacteria concentration of 109/ml,PH 7. 2 --7.4,a ratio of gas/liquid of 1: 2. 5 in ilead space tube. a culture time of 4 hours,and the operation conditions of chromatograph suitable for COs determination. This method has been used to test the toxicities of & ions,with an order of decreasing toxicity in terms of IC50 value as follows: Hg2+ (0.86 ppm),Cu2+ (8. 00 ppm),Cd2+ (8. 39 ppm),CN-(10. 20 ppm),Pb2+(11. 20), Zn2+ (15. 20 ppm),Sn2+ (20. 10 ppm), Ni2+ (39. 70 ppm). The joint toxicities among Cd2+,Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and CN- ions were also studied and it was found that most of them exhibited an additive, antagonistic or synergistic action. Aromatic compounds were found to have a close relationship between their structures and toxicities,and those with different numbers and types of substituent had different toxicities.It was also found that in the process of treating the wastewater containing nitro--compounds, the toxicities of wastewater reduced with reducing concentrations of nitrobenzenes and COD.