再生水灌溉对土壤性质及重金属垂直分布的影响

再生水利用是解决水资源危机的重要手段之一,再生水灌溉对土壤的影响一直是受到关注的问题.以北京市典型再生水灌溉区为研究对象,对选定区域土壤进行剖面取样、样品分析以及灌溉用水中的重金属含量的分析来确定再生水灌溉对于土壤中重金属含量分布的影响,同时分析了对土壤中总碳、总氮、有机质含量以及pH的影响.结果表明,凉水河灌区灌溉用水中重金属含量大于北野厂灌区灌溉用水,是其2.5～10.5倍.再生水灌溉导致土壤有机质、总碳、总氮含量增加及pH值降低.灌溉再生水有利于提高土壤肥力,但是也会提高土壤重金属累积的风险.再生水灌溉作为土壤重金属来源之一会对土壤表层重金属累积和迁移有一定影响,同时土壤重金属的迁移分布受到土壤有机质含量的影响,凉水河灌区有更多的重金属被植物吸收或进入更深土层中.

Effect of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil Properties and Vertical Distribution of Heavy Metal

Utilization of reclaimed water is one of the important methods to alleviate water shortage. The effect of reclaimed water irrigation on soil is always a concern. To understand the effect of long time reclaimed water irrigation on soil, typical farmland irrigated with reused water was selected. Soil properties and heavy metal concentration of soil and water samples were analyzed to identify the effect of the irrigation on heavy metal vertical distribution and organic matter content, total carbon, total nitrogen and pH value in soil. The results show that heavy metal contents of irrigation water used in Liangshuihe farmland are 2.5 to 10.5 times higher than that of Beiyechang farmland, and reclaimed water irrigation could cause changes of soil properties that soil organic matter content, total carbon, total nitrogen were increased and pH values were reduced. Based on the field investigation results, the soil nutrient conditions benefit from irrigate reclaimed water, however, the accumulation of heavy metal in soil could raise the risk. As a source of soil heavy metal, reclaimed water irrigation could make differences on the accumulation and mobility of soil heavy metal. Also the distribution and mobility of soil heavy metal are influenced by soil organic matter content and there are more heavy metal were taken up by plants or transferred to the deeper area in Liangshuihe farmland.