湿地生态风险评价中生物完整性指数研究进展

湿地是陆地与水域之间的过渡地带,是地球上生产力最高的生态系统。湿地生态风险评价的实际应用将使人们更好地理解物理、化学和生物风险源如何影响湿地,并为湿地管理提供科学支撑,这就要求确定湿地生态健康评价指标的完整性。生物完整性指数以环境生态毒理学数据为依据,是进行生态系统健康风险评价的最有力工具。大中型无脊椎动物作为易选择的分类群,可用于湿地评估的生物完整性指数的建立,土壤动物特别是线虫类群作为湿地土壤和水环境健康评价的指示生物具有广阔前景。通过线虫分子毒理学等研究方法,可优化出生物完整性指数体系,建立扰动背景下的湿地生态风险评价模型,为湿地污染的监测、防控和修复,提供理论依据和实践方法。

Research Progress of Index of Biotic Integrity for Ecological Assessment in Wetlands

Wetlands are a transitional zone between land and water, and are the most productive ecosystem on Earth. The practical application of wetland ecological risk assessment will enable us to better understand how physical, chemical and biological risk sources affect wetlands, which will provide scientific support for wetland management. The wetland ecosystem health assessment requires the determination of the integrity indicators. The Bio-integrity Index is based on environmental ecotoxicology data, and is the most powerful tool for conducting ecosystem health risk assessment. Large and medium-sized invertebrates can be used to assess the biological integrity index of wetlands as an easily selected taxonomic group. Soil animals, especially nematodes, have broad prospects as indicator organisms for wetland soil and water environment health assessment. The soil nematodes and model organism Caenorhabditis elegans could be research objects to study ecological responses and the toxicology mechanism of wetlands ecosystem under pollution exposures. It is necessary to integrate site ecological monitoring, in-situ test, and laboratory simulation experiment, and employ methodologies from nematode ecology, molecular toxicology, etc., in order to make a systematic index of biotic integrity on pollution ecology traits, and investigate the ecotoxicological mechanism in wetlands. To explore the biomarker detection, and to get safety thresholds from the molecular level to the ecosystem under stress in wetlands, it will provide theory and methodology on the pesticide monitoring, control, and restoration of wetlands.