6-苄氨基腺嘌呤对江汉平原小麦开花后渍害的缓减效应研究

于2011~2012年度及2012~2013年度开展小麦开花后渍水试验，研究开花后渍水对小麦产量的影响及渍水前喷施6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)对产量的效应。结果表明，2011~2012年度及2012~2013年度江汉平原小麦开花期至成熟期均有持续降水分布，其中2011年4~5月累计降雨量达1941 mm，2012年同期累计降雨量达2855 mm，表明江汉平原小麦生殖生长期有较大渍害风险。本试验研究表明，开花后渍水，小麦植株衰老进程加速，叶片严重早衰失绿，旗叶光合速率降低；渍水前喷施6-BA，可缓减叶片衰老趋势，缩小旗叶光合速率降低幅度。开花后渍水亦导致根系活力降低，渍水前喷施6-BA可缓减根系活力降低，其中至灌浆中期，渍水处理根系活力仅为对照的563%，6-BA+渍水处理根系活力较渍水处理提高66%，差异达显著水平。渍水处理生物产量及籽粒产量均显著低于对照，渍水前喷施6-BA，生物产量、籽粒产量较渍水处理比较均有所提高，其中生物产量较渍水处理提高77%，籽粒产量提高137%。总之，在本试验条件下，开花后渍水导致光合速率、根系活力、生物产量、籽粒产量等显著降低，渍水前喷施6-BA可在一定程度上缓减渍害效应，在渍害发生后促进籽粒产量形成，据2011~2012年度及2012~2013年度产量结果估算，渍水前喷施6-BA相当于每6667 m2可减少427 kg 产量损失，即约1/3以上的田块未发生渍害

RESEARCH ON DISTRIBUTING CHARACTERISTICS OF PRECIPITATION DURING GRAIN FILLING IN JIANGHAN PLAIN AND MITIGATION OF WATERLOGGING BY 6-A IN WHEAT

The experiment was carried out from 2011 to 2013, to study the effects of waterlogging on grain yield in wheat and the effect of spraying 6 BA before waterlogging. The results were shown as follows. The precipitation was enough during grain filling both during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 in Jianghan Plain. The accumulated rainfall was 1941 mm from April to May 31 in 2012, and 285.5 mm in 2013, respectively. The above data indicated that there was great risk of waterlogging in wheat. The experimental research indicated that after waterlogging from anthesis to 7 d after anthesis, the plant of wheat aged more quickly, and leaves turned yellow seriously. Spraying 6-BA before waterlogging slowed down the course of senescence. Waterlogging after anthesis decreased photosynthetic rate in flag leaf and spraying 6-BA slowed down the decrease of photosynthetic rate but its photosynthetic rate was still less than that of CK. Waterlogging decreased root activity as well. The root activity of waterlogging treatment was 563 percent of CK, and the activity of root from 6-BA+waterlogging treatment was 629 percent of CK at grain filling stage, which means spraying 6-BA delayed senescence in root. Finally, the treatment of 6-BA + waterlogging improved 77 percent in biomass and 13.7 percent in grain yield, respectively. All of the above, under this experimental condition, the waterlogging from anthesis to 〖JP2〗anthesis of 7 d later decreased photosynthetic rate in flag leaf, root activity, biomass and grain yield, spraying 6-BA before〖JP〗 waterlogging could decrease the effects of waterlogging, improving grain yield filling after waterlogging. As estimated from the data of grain yield during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013, grain yield increased about 427 kg per 6667 m2, which means about one third of the field was free from waterlogging