经济型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂的制备及其对印染废水的处理效果

采用玉米淀粉为原料、氯化缩水甘油三甲基铵（GTA）作阳离子化试剂、水-乙醇混合液作分散剂、NaOH作碱催化剂,制备了经济型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂（简称经济型阳离子淀粉）。实验结果表明：在淀粉加入量110g、GTA加入量30g、NaOH加入量1．6g、分散剂中m（水）：m（乙醇）=1：1、m（分散剂）：m（淀粉）=0．50：1、反应温度80℃、反应时间2．5h的条件下,可制得取代度（DS）为0．31的经济型阳离子淀粉;用该经济型阳离子淀粉与聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）联用处理印染废水,当经济型阳离子淀粉加入量为140mg／L、PAM加入量为4mg/L、废水pH为8时,印染废水的色度去除率和COD去除率分别达92％和82％。该方法絮凝效果好,药剂费用低,产生的污泥少。     

微生物磁效应在废水处理中的应用

介绍了微生物磁效应的原理和作用方式，综述了近年来国内外将微生物磁效应应用于活性污泥法、生物接触氧化法和酶法废水生物处理中的研究进展，指出了开发磁性生物亲和亲水填料是微生物磁效应运用于生物接触氧化废水处理技术的发展方向。     

甲基硫菌灵生产废水处理的研究

采用沉淀-氧化-厌氧-好氧工艺处理甲基硫菌灵生产废水。研究结果表明,废水经沉淀一氧化预处理后,COD从10000～12000mg／L降至1000～1500mg／L,再经厌氧和好氧处理后COD最终降至70～80mg／L;从废水的第一、第三次沉淀中均可回收铜离子（可作为第二次沉淀用沉淀剂）,从废水的第二次沉淀中可回收硫氰化亚铜产品,该产品用途广泛、市场价值高,可显著降低废水处理的成本。     

生物滤池处理炼油厂废水

采用活性炭、沸石、建筑陶粒及工程陶粒等作为生物滤池填料,考察了生物滤池对炼油厂废水中COD、NH_3-N、浊度的去除效果。实验结果表明,最佳的工艺条件为:水力停留时间1.5 h,进水有机负荷0.74～1.85 kg/(m~3·d),曝气量0.29 L/min。工程陶粒对COD和NH_3-N的去除效果最好,且出水浊度能达到废水回用标准,可作为生物滤池的填料。     

Determination of Enterobacteria in Air and Wastewater Samples from a Wastewater Treatment Plant by Epi-Fluorescence Microscopy

Bacteria, fungi and viruses are often encountered in aerosols and they can be pathogenic or cause allergies following inhalation. Wastewater treatment facilities have been found to generate bioaerosols, which are transported by the prevailing winds downstream to areas that can be up to several hundred meters away. Bioaerosol formation has a significant effect on air quality in the vicinity of the treatment plants. The amount and characteristics of the formed bioaerosols depend on the aeration system employed at the aeration tank of the wastewater treatment facility. In this work we determined Enterobacteria in air and wastewater samples at the main wastewater treatment facility of the city of Chania (Crete, Greece). Concentrations of airborne bacteria were measured near the aeration and sedimentation tanks. Samples of airborne bacteria were taken by using Merck’s MAS-100 bioaerosol collector followed by incubation and enumeration of the colonies. The use of different growth media enabled the separation and enumeration of several classes of microorganisms. As part of this study, Enterobacteria in air samples were also determined by filtration sampling followed by analysis of the collected microorganisms using DAPI staining to determine total cell counts (both viable and non-viable cells). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific 23S rRNA probes was also used in order to identify specific groups of microorganisms (well known pathogens) present in the bioaerosols. The analysis was also performed in wastewater taken from the aeration and secondary sedimentation tanks in an effort to correlate the airborne bacteria with those in the wastewater.     

全白土催化剂生产废水的处理

用4种无机絮凝剂和3种有机絮凝剂进行了脱除全白土催化剂生产废水（简称废水）中固体悬浮物（SS）的实验研究。实验结果表明：在废水pH6．8条件下,无机絮凝剂和有机絮凝剂脱除废水中SS的效果均较差,用无机絮凝剂时的SS去除率低于26％,用有机絮凝剂时的SS去除率低于18％;废水pH对SS去除率的影响较大,当调节废水pH为8．0时,无机絮凝剂中硫酸铝脱除废水中的SS效果最好,在硫酸铝加入量为0．02mg／L、沉降时间为2h的最佳操作条件下,SS的去除率可达93％。     

UASB反应器处理染料及印染废水的研究进展

综述了国内外UASB反应器处理染料及印染废水的研究概况.分析了UASB反应器处理废水存在的问题,并给出了相应的建议.展望了UASB反应器处理染料及印染废水的发展趋势,指出厌氧UASB-好氧法组合工艺是目前处理染料及印染废水的一种经济而有效的方法.     

酞菁蓝颜料生产废水处理试验研究

采用初沉-电凝聚-加碱沉淀-生化工艺处理酞菁蓝颜料生产废水,试验表明,COD可从1190mg／L降至95．9mg／L,Cu^(2 )质量浓度可从163．5mg／L降至0．7mg／L,色度可从210倍降至43．3倍,出水COD、色度达到GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准,Cu达到二级排放标准。     

对氨基酚生产废水处理的研究状况

介绍了近10年来对氨基酚生产废水处理方法的研究现状及3种主要处理方法－物化法、生物法、化学法,评述了各自的优缺点。     

磁技术在废水处理中的应用

介绍了磁技术——磁电解、磁分离、磁凝聚在工业废水处理中的应用及各种技术的原理和最新研究状况,并阐述了磁技术的优缺点和发展前景。针对热轧废水中的悬浮物具有磁性并可影响废水中油珠的稳定性这一特点,指出了采用磁凝聚法进行处理的优势。     

生物吸附在染料废水处理中的应用

生物吸附是微生物细胞和其它物质发生的一系列非发酵关联的吸附过程,其主要作用包括物理和化学吸附、静电作用、离子交换、络合、螯合、微量沉淀等。与生物降解相比,生物吸附不会产生有毒的代谢产物,为染料废水的处理和回收提供了一条经济可行的途径。综述了微生物对染料吸附的作用机制及影响因素如pH、温度、染料初始浓度等,介绍了生物吸附的发展现状及前景。     

膜生物反应器处理显影废水

研究了膜生物反应器对预处理后的显影废水的处理效果,考察了MLSS和DO对系统出水水质的影响。文验结果表明：在系统运行温度15～30℃、停留时间10—15h、曝气量4～10m^3／h的条件下,系统稳定后出水水质良好且稳定,COD去除率为85％～92％,Cu^2＋去除率为90％～98％;生物反应池中的活性污泥对Cu^2＋的去除起主要作用,使出水中Cu^2＋质量浓度维持在0．5mg／L以下;考虑到废水处理效果和能耗两方面的因素,MLSS宜控制在6000mg／L左石,DO应控制存1．5～2．5mg／L。     

用膨润土处理油田污水的研究进展

介绍了膨润土的基本特性及其存油田污水处理中的研究情况。天然膨润土经改性后,可吸附去除油田污水中的油、烃类衍生物、注聚残留聚合物及表面活性剂;负载金属氧化物的改性膨润土可对光催化氧化产生协同效应,提高光催化氧化油田污水中有机物的能力;在高压下将膨润土制成薄膜,对油田污水中的无机离了有一定的截留去除作用。     

Effect of Sediment Humic Substances on Sorption of Selected Endocrine Disruptors

Characterizing sorption processes is essential to understand the environmental distribution and toxicity potential of endocrine disruptors in terrestrial and aquatic systems. The sorption behaviors of three endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A (BPA), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)) on sediments were investigated using batch techniques. Samples were taken from some representative reaches in several major Chinese rivers. More attention has been paid to the effect of sediment organic components on the sorption of BPA, E2, and EE2. The results show that the sediment organic carbon-normalized partition coefficients (K _oc (sed)) for three endocrine disruptors are in the order of EE2 > E2 > BPA, which corresponds to the octanol-water partitioning coefficients (logK _ow) of the compounds. Moreover, the K _oc values for humic substances (K _oc (hs)) are comparable with the K _oc (sed) values and highly dependent on the physico-chemical properties of humic substances in sediments. The UV absorptivity at 272 nm (A ₂₇₂), which suggests the abundance of aromatic rings in humic substance structure, correlates well with the K _oc (hs) values. In addition, the infrared spectra of the humic substances extracted from sediments show four strong bands centered at 3,400 cm⁻¹, 1,625 cm⁻¹, 1,390 cm⁻¹, and 1,025 cm⁻¹. The K _oc (hs) values have a positive linear relation with the peak area ratio for peak at 1,025 cm⁻¹ and a negative linear relation with the peak area ratio between peaks at 1,625 cm⁻¹ and 1,025 cm⁻¹. Hence, the hydrogen bonds play a critical role to the sorption of selected endocrine disruptors.     

白腐真菌反应器处理废水的研究进展

介绍了白腐真菌的生物学特性及其降解污染物的优势,综述了生物转盘反应器、搅拌釜生物反应器、气升式生物反应器、流化床生物反应器、填充床生物反应器、转管生物反应器、空心纤维反应器等白腐真菌反应器的结构特点和在废水处理方面的研究进展,指出了目前白腐真菌反应器应用中存在的问题。     

磁技术处理含油废水的研究进展

在磁技术除油力学原理的基础上,分析了磁性材料和改性磁性材料的除油机理,介绍了磁技术在处理油田废水、机械加工废水、轧钢废水和餐饮废水等方面的应用,指明了磁技术处理含油废水的发展方向。     

膜法处理含油废水研究进展

介绍了含油废水的来源、危害及其一般的处理方法,概述了国内外处理含油废水的膜分离技术——微滤、超滤、反渗透及膜法联合处理工艺的研究现状。对膜污染与预防问题进行了探讨,指出了膜法联合处理工艺是今后处理含油废水的研究方向,而研制抗污染、净化效果好、成本低廉的新型功能有机高分子过滤吸附材料也是含油废水处理领域的一项重要工作。