对饮用水和一次蒸馏水利用活性炭吸附法制备无酚水

一、无酚水的制备试验 (一)制备装置(图1) 10000 ml、20000 ml下口瓶;φ10U型干燥管;脱脂棉;粒状活性炭(化学纯)。 (二)过滤方法 先将经过180℃活化2小时的粒状活性炭装入层料柱(U型干燥管)中,柱内预先放入一些蒸馏水或无酚水,以便装入的活性炭颗粒间不存在气泡。装好柱后即可使要脱酚的水通过层料柱,开始流出的水(相当于装柱时预先     

微污染原水深度处理技术研究现状

水源水微污染问题的日益加剧以及饮用水常规处理工艺的局限性,迫使人们研究和开发新的净水工艺。深度处理技术作为新工艺的一个发展方向,得到了长足的发展。以膜过滤法、活性炭法和光催化氧化法为代表,介绍了微污染水源水深度处理技术的研究现状。     

南方某市水源水、自来水的致突变活性现状与改善对策

用Ａｍｅｓ试验方法评价现有水处理工艺与模拟水厂水处理工艺对水的致突变活性的控制效果。结果表明,水源水的致突变活性呈阳性,Ｔ（传统处理）工艺出水致突变活性进一步增强;ＢＴ（Ｂ为生物处理）工艺能使致突变活性降低,但仍为阳性;ＢＴＣ（Ｃ为活性炭）、ＯＢＴＣ（Ｏ代表臭氧）组合工艺能有效去除和控制水中的致突物,使水的致突变活性转变为阴性反应。     

蓝藻资源化技术研究及应用进展

针对蓝藻资源化问题,概述国内外利用蓝藻制备有机肥、提取高纯度藻蓝蛋白、制备活性炭和藻粉这4种利用方式的特点、现状及应用进展。提出,应从高温好氧堆肥技术、藻蓝蛋白提取技术和藻水分离技术这3个方面,解决其关键技术问题并进行进一步研究开发。     

水生态监测方法研究进展及在黄河流域的应用实践

水生态监测能够为水生态环境监督、管理和保护提供重要的数据和技术支撑。加强黄河水生态监测,维护流域水生态系统健康,对促进黄河流域高质量发展具有重要意义。从常规水质监测、生境监测和生物监测3个方面,分析了中国水生态监测方法的研究进展及在黄河流域的应用实践。结合黄河流域水生态监测尤其是生物监测相对滞后的现状,探讨了流域水生态监测的发展方向。建议加快黄河流域水生态监测能力建设,建立适用于黄河流域的水生态监测与评价标准体系,探索新兴监测技术与传统技术的有机结合。     

日本加强生物清理石油污染技术的研究

日本水产厅最近制订了一项新的环保技术开发项目,旨在应用微生物分解处理海洋石油污染,在为期五年的计划包括室内实验、微生物培养和实用化实验。根据日本专家的意见,假单细胞菌属的200种以上的微生物可以将海面漂浮油垢分解成水等无害物质。日本加强生物清理石油污染技术的研究@吕璜~~     

活性炭纤维处理腐植酸废水

采用活性碳纤维处理腐植酸模拟废水,通过静态吸附和动态吸附的研究,测定吸附等温线和动态吸附曲线;研究不同温度、不同活性炭纤维、不同pH值和流速对处理效果的影响。     

活性炭吸附富集——火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定天然水中8种重金属

对天然水中痕量元素的分析,目前国内外已采用了有机溶剂萃取、离子交换等富集技术。近年来,有关文献报导了利用8-羟基喹啉螯合,活性炭吸附富集水中金属离子的方法。活性炭吸附富集因数一般达100～10000,而有机溶剂萃取富集因数为20～50,因此,利用活性炭预富集痕量金属,是一个值得探讨的途径。     

生物监测技术在工业废水监测领域的应用研究

生物监测可以系统反映污染物对生物生长的影响及其在生物体内的转化和迁移,在水环境监测与生态健康管理中的重要性日益突出.伴随着工业化的快速发展,中国水环境污染问题依然严峻,工业废水治理和排放问题仍旧突出.为进一步保障工业废水出水及受纳水体水质安全,迫切需要在工业废水监测中引入生物监测技术.对传统微生物群落监测法、水生生物毒...     

离子色谱技术在环境监测中的应用

详细介绍了离子色谱仪的构造，功能，以及离子色谱技术的发展状况，离子色谱作为一种新的分析方法以其独特的优点可广泛应用于水，气，土壤，生物等环境监测领域。     

库仑滴定法测定一氧化碳

本文就一氧化碳的测定条件和CO氧化过程中氧化剂的选择进行了研究。试验表明:ReAO_4-Ⅱ为氧化CO的活性催化剂,转化率可达100％(在300℃以上),本法简便,可用于空气中一氧化碳的测定和催化剂对CO活性测试。     

苏州市不同土地利用方式对碳排放影响的初步分析

利用苏州市2005—2010年土地利用以及能源消耗数据,对苏州市碳排放进行了估算,结果表明,2005—2010年苏州市碳排放呈逐年增加趋势,建设用地是主要的碳源,林地是主要的碳汇。并根据结果提出了关于减少碳排放的几点建议。     

呼伦贝尔地区草原表层土壤中总有机碳与有机质初探

通过非分散红外线吸收法测定呼伦贝尔地区具有代表性的16个草原表层土壤(0~20 cm)中总有机碳、溶解性有机碳,使用重铬酸钾容量法测定有机质,并对其总有机碳与有机质水平及两者相关性进行了分析。初步分析了造成各样品之间总有机碳水平差异的原因。结果表明,只以打草场作为利用方式的土壤总有机碳含量较常年放牧场的总有机碳含量高。从草原类型和土壤类型上看,草甸草原总有机碳含量明显高于典型草原,黑钙土总有机碳含量明显高于栗钙土。综上,过度放牧会使草原土壤总有机碳大量释放。总有机碳含量与有机质含量有显著正相关性,相关系数达到0.902。     

上海地区土壤碳汇功能评估

利用上海市第二次土壤普查资料,2004年-2005年上海耕地地力调查资料,以及2009年实地调查采样、实验分析获得的数据,研究了3个时期上海土壤有机碳的变化特征。结果表明,20多年：来上海土壤有机碳平均含量没有明显变化,土壤有机碳库逐渐减小,从而使得上海城市化过程中土壤成为一种碳源,而不是碳汇。城市郊区以扩大蔬菜、果树、苗木种植为特征的旱地作物种植方式代替水稻田,是城市化影响土地利用类型变化的明显特征,而水稻田土壤有机碳含量高于林地、菜地。种植结构的变化对土壤有机碳含量有重要影响,同时,耕作制度、耕作方式、施肥等农业管理方式也有一定影响。虽然园林绿地得到快速发展,但没有弥补城市化过程导致农田面积减少带来的有机碳损失。     

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Change of Carbon Storage in Timber Biomass of Two Different Forest Management Units

Forests make up large ecosystems and can play an important role in mitigating the emissions of CO₂, the most important greenhouse gas. However, they are sources of atmospheric carbon when they are disturbed by human or natural causes. Storage of carbon through expansion and adaptive management of forest ecosystems can assist in reducing carbon concentrations in atmosphere. This study proposes a methodology to produce spatially explicit estimates of the carbon storages (aboveground plus belowground) depending on land use/cover changes in two different forest ecosystems during various periods. Carbon storages for each forest ecosystem were projected according to inventory data, and carbon storages were mapped in a geographic information system (GIS). Results showed that total carbon stored in above and belowground of both forest ecosystems increased from one period to other because of especially increase of productive forest areas and decline of degraded forest areas as well as protection of spruce forests subject to insect attacks.     

Developing Alternative Forest Management Planning Strategies Incorporating Timber, Water and Carbon Values: An Examination of their Interactions

Currently, the integration of carbon and water values of forest ecosystems into forest management planning models has become increasingly important in sustainable forest management. This study focuses on developing a multiple-use forest management planning model to examine the interactions of timber and water production as well as net carbon sequestration in a forest ecosystem. Each forest value is functionally linked to stand structure and quantified economically. A number of forest management planning strategies varying in the amount of water, carbon, and timber targets and flows as constraints are developed and implemented in a linear programming (LP) environment. The outputs of each strategy are evaluated with a number of performance indicators such as standing timber volume, ending forest inventory, area harvested, and net present value (NPV) of water, timber, and carbon over time. Results showed that the cycling time of forest stands for renewal has important implications for timber, water, and carbon values. The management strategies indicated that net carbon sequestration can be attained at a significant cost in terms of foregone timber harvest and financial returns. The standing timber volumes and ending forest inventories were among the most important factors determining whether the forest constitutes a net carbon sink or source. Finally, the interactions among the forest values were generally found to be complementary, yet sometimes contradictory (i.e., negatively affecting each other), depending on the assumed relationship between forest values and stand structure.     

碳中和实践进展、实现路径与展望

概述了国内外在碳中和实践与实现路径方面的研究进展,包括能源路径、技术路径、社会路径和政策经济路径。在此基础上,提出了应用实证数据和模型模拟开展碳中和定量评估、通过不同国家碳中和目标的比较和分析来评估全球碳中和能力和成本、加强不同碳中和路径与产业之间的相关性及多路径共同效应研究等建议。     

非分散红外线气体法测定生活垃圾填埋气中二氧化碳

采用非分散红外线气体法测定生活垃圾填埋气中的二氧化碳,介绍了填埋气监测井的设置及样品采集和测定方法,讨论了稀释倍数、配气方法和填埋气成分对测定的影响,经验证,方法准确度和精密度均符合要求。     

Charcoal versus LPG grilling: A carbon-footprint comparison

Undoubtedly, grilling is popular. Britons fire up their barbeques some 60 million times a year, consuming many thousands of tonnes of fuel. In milder climates consumption is even higher, and in the developing world, charcoal continues to be an essential cooking fuel. So it is worth comparing the carbon footprints of the two major grill types, charcoal and LPG, and that was the purpose of the study this paper documents. Charcoal and LPG grill systems were defined, and their carbon footprints were calculated for a base case and for some plausible variations to that base case. In the base case, the charcoal grilling footprint of 998 kg CO₂e is almost three times as large as that for LPG grilling, 349 kg CO₂e. The relationship is robust under all plausible sensitivities. The overwhelming factors are that as a fuel, LPG is dramatically more efficient than charcoal in its production and considerably more efficient in cooking. Secondary factors are: use of firelighters, which LPG does not need; LPG's use of a heavier, more complicated grill; and LPG's use of cylinders that charcoal does not need.     

乌鲁木齐市主要街道空气中一氧化碳污染规律的研究

本文通过对影响街道空气中一氧化碳污染的因素进行了大量的监测及综合分析,找出乌鲁木齐市主要街道空气中一氧化碳的污染规律,为控制我市汽车污染提供科学依据.