Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Working Conference

Conference Report

Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Working Conference     

Restored Riparian Buffers as Tools for Ecosystem Restoration in the MAIA; Processes, Endpoints, and Measures of Success for Water, Soil, Flora, and Fauna

Riparian buffer restorations are used as management tools to produce favorable water quality impacts, moreover among the many benefits riparian buffers may provide, their application as instruments for water quality restoration rests on a relatively firm foundation of research. However, the extent to which buffers can restore riparian ecosystems; their functionality and species composition, are essentially unknown. In light of the foregoing, two broad areas of research are indicated. First, data are needed to document the relative effectiveness of riparian buffers that differ according to width, length, and plant species composition. These questions, of managing buffer dimension and species composition for functionality, are of central importance even when attenuation of nutrient and sediment loads alone are considered. Second, where ecosystem restoration is the goal, effects to in-stream and terrestrial riparian biota need to be considered. Relatedly, the effects of the restoration on the landscape need to be considered. Particularly, at what rate do the effects of the riparian buffer on in-stream water quality, biota, and habitat diminish downstream from restored sites? Answers to these important questions are needed, for streams and watersheds of different size and for areas of differing soil type within watersheds. U.S. EPA-NRMRL has initiated as research project that will document the potential for buffers to restore riparian ecosystems; focusing on water quality effects, but also, importantly, documenting effects on biota. While substantial riparian buffer management initiatives are already underway, the extent of landscapes that influence riparian ecosystems in the eastern United States is large; leaving ample opportunity for this suggested research to provide improved buffer designs in the future. The ultimate goal of research projects developed under this paradigm of ecosystem restoration is to develop data that are needed to implement riparian buffer restorations in the mid-Atlantic and elsewhere, especially the eastern United States.     

空气质量预报在世界互联网大会中的应用

为支持世界互联网大会期间大气污染管控工作,利用人工结合数值模式预报的方式在第二届到第五届世界互联网大会期间开展空气质量预报工作。多模式系统中WRF-CMAQ对乌镇及浙北区域大气污染变化的趋势模拟最好,2016—2018年对AQI日均值模拟的平均分数偏差(MFB)和平均分数误差(MFE)分别为-1.3%～1.6%和24.3%～28.3%。会前48 h、72 h和96 h空气质量等级预报准确率分别为37.5%～83.3%、33.3%～90.0%和0～89.9%。会议期间乌镇的AQI日均值48 h预报准确率为33.3%～100%,等级预报准确率为66.7%～100%。与日常空气质量预报不同,会议期间预报还应重点关注大气污染过程,如有污染可能性,需要给出污染过程的起始时间、持续范围和浓度峰值等情况及其关键时间节点,有针对性地提出大气污染管控的措施建议,为会议期间空气质量保障提供技术支撑。     

环保系统计量认证的工作程序

为帮助申请国家级计量认证的环保机构开展工作，介绍了环保系统计量认证的依据、认证机构、评审准则以及工作程序，并就计量认证的申请与受理程序、准备工作、评审步骤、整改与上报材料以及审批发证程序进行了阐述。     

工作场所空气中硫酸雾（SO3）的分析

采用碘量法测定工作场所空气中的三氧化硫及硫酸雾，三氧化硫及硫酸雾经中性水吸收后与碘化钾和碘酸钾反应，析出的碘与淀粉指示剂作用产生蓝色，进行比色测定。     

突发性水污染事故预警体系建设综述

随着流域水污染事件的频发,突发性水污染事故预警平台的科学建设成为流域应急管理的重要内容。基于预警平台数据感知层、数据管理层、业务感知层的总体架构,综述了国内外突发性水污染事故预警平台的建设现状。从水质监测技术、突发事故预警模型、预警平台整体构建4个方面分析了近年来突发性水污染事故预警平台的研究进展与不足,以期为流域突发性水污染预警系统的建设提供参考。     

大型石化项目环境监理实践及工作方法探讨

基于某大型石化项目的环境监理实践,从环境监理方案及实施细则的编制、设计阶段环境监理、施工阶段环境监理3个方面阐述此类项目环境监理的要点及工作方法。设计阶段的主要工作是对环保设计文件、设计图纸及基础设计资料等材料的审查,审查的重点是项目的平面布置、生产规模、工艺路线、污染物特征及各污染物控制节点、环保治理设施的处理工艺及规模等与环评报告及批复的相符性。施工阶段环境监理的工作重点是施工单位环境管理、施工期环保达标监理、隐蔽工程监理、环境风险防范措施监理、环保设施符合性核查、批建相符性核查等几方面。并简要分析了环境监理成果的体现方式。     

关于非生产类行业验收监测中工况核查的探讨

简述了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测时工况核查的重要性和存在的问题。根据相关标准规范要求和实践经验,对仓储、污水处理、危废集中处置项目等非生产性行业验收监测中的工况核查展开了讨论,提出应完善相关的实施程序和技术规范,使得工况核查有据可依;工况核查差异对待、区别思考以及进一步提高监测人员的工况核查水平等建议,为今后开展此类验收监测工况核查提供借鉴。     

餐饮业油烟排放监测模拟工况研究

在现行《饮食业油烟排放标准(试行)》(GB18483—2001)的执行过程中,工况难以控制,影响监测结果的准确性。在对不同餐饮业的主要烹饪方式(炸、煎、煮、炒)餐饮油烟的初始排放浓度进行实测的基础上,模拟出和以上4种烹饪方式相匹配的工况,分析各种类型餐饮业不同工况下的油烟排放规律,建立了一组能够由监测人员主动控制的油烟监测模拟工况。     

美国制定水质基准的方法概要

水质基准保护对象不同可分为保护水生生物的水质基准和保护人体健康的水质基准。概要介绍了美国推导这两种水质基准的方法及其数据要求。     

大气颗粒物的源成分谱研究现状综述

调研国内外大气颗粒物排放源成分谱研究情况,对排放源的分类、颗粒物的化学组分和测定、各类排放源的成分谱组成、研究情况以及排放源的标识元素情况进行了综述.     

浅谈环境监测仪器的量值溯源

介绍了环境监测仪器量值溯源的基本知识,阐述了检定与校准的区别,归纳总结了环境监测仪器量值溯源的途径与方法.旨在提高环境监测质量管理人员及监测人员对仪器检定和校准工作重要性的认识,以便更准确、更规范地开展工作.     

Summary of environment-related research areas developed in the frame of the 5th Framework Programme of the European Commission

Following the decision of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 December 1998, The European Commission has launched its Fifth Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration (RTD) which will run from 1999 to 2002. The activities will be carried out in the frame of four thematic programmes and three horizontal ones. The first calls for proposals were published in March 1999. Detailed information on the work programme of each activity is available through the Internet at the following address http://www.cordis.lu/fp5 and through direct contact with the programme's help-desks. The present summary gives an outline of environment-related research activities covered by 5th FWP.     

对社会第三方检测机构参与环境现场监测活动管理模式的思考

通过分析环境监测面临的形势与发展趋势、引入社会第三方检测机构参与环境现场监测活动的风险,以及现场监测活动自身特点,论述了当前社会第三方检测机构参与环境现场监测活动,应采用由环境监测站领受任务,制定监测方案,指派现场负责人,负责方案的具体实施和全程质控管理,第三方检测机构在现场负责人的指导下完成具体的监测工作,并在此过程中接受现场负责人监督考核的管理模式。提出,社会第三方检测机构参与环境现场监测尚需完善法律体制,提升现场监测监管水平,促进各级环境监测站职能转变。     

北京市高碑店污水处理厂工况遥感监测

通过文献调研和数据搜集构建高碑店污水处理厂的基本信息库,利用GF-1/GF-2等高分辨率卫星遥感数据对2015年高碑店污水处理厂的运行状况进行动态监测。结果表明:GF-1号影像显示2015年2月16日和3月25日污水处理厂均有1个二沉池有藻类分布,疑似未正常投入使用;GF-2号影像显示9月2日污水处理厂有5个二沉池和部分曝气池的廊道有藻类分布,疑似未正常投入使用;3月和9月数据对比发现,西侧的8个污泥消化罐和3个污泥浓缩池均消失。该结果与临近时期的Google Earth影像显示情况相一致。     

城市机动车尾气排放及道路扩散模式综述

综述了国内外机动车排放因子模型,基于开阔型、交叉路口型和城市峡谷型3类城市典型交通道路,探讨了各种机动车尾气扩散模式的优缺点和适用性。提出今后的研究重点是利用城市生态系统中的植物群落对汽车排放污染物扩散的阻碍和吸附,探索绿化植物对机动车尾气污染扩散的阻散特征;加强CFD软件在城市道路空气质量研究领域的应用;在GIS平台下,结合扩散模式开发环境综合管理系统。