粉煤灰对染料废水的脱色研究

研究了粉煤灰对活性染料、酸性染料、直接染料、阳离子染料、硫化染料和还原染料的脱色能力,确定了脱色率为９１％－９９％时的工艺条件,用粉煤灰处理实际废水既能降低色度又能除去大量ＣＯＤ。     

染料废水的脱色研究

模拟中温(35℃左右)厌氧消化条件,以葡萄糖为共基质,对模拟染料废水的厌氧生物脱色进行了研究.结果表明对可溶性的活性染料处理效果,脱色率和COD去除率可分别达到90%和70%左右.特别是对红、紫、橙三色染料处理效果好,如活性红KD-8B、活性艳兰KGL、活性金黄MG、活性红紫KN-2R、活性艳橙KGN等.当染料浓度在1.0 g/L以下,都没有抑制;脱色在22 h就可达90%的脱色率;污泥负荷在2～4 g/L时,处理效果最佳.实验亦证实,在厌氧处理过程中,染料分子结构发生了明显的变化.     

漆酶-介体系统对多种不同结构染料的脱色效果

为研究漆酶在染料废水处理方面的潜力,选用毕赤酵母表达的担子菌Moniliophthora roreri来源的漆酶Mrl2,与小分子介体(1-羟基苯并三唑、藜芦醇、对香豆酸、N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺) 协同,用于对5类不同结构和类型的染料(偶氮类、三苯甲烷类、蒽醌类、靛蓝类、吩噻嗪类)的脱色效果研究。结果表明：在小分子介体1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT)的帮助下,漆酶对属于偶氮类、三苯甲烷类、蒽醌类、靛蓝类的9种染料脱色率均能达到95%以上;对结构更复杂的杂环吩噻嗪类染料天青I的脱色效率均较低,在最佳介体对香豆酸辅助下可达40%的脱色率。进一步对天青I染料脱色体系优化发现,在pH为6.0、对香豆酸浓度为2 mmol·L⁻¹、漆酶浓度为125 U·L⁻¹时,Mrl2对天青I的脱色率可达到81%。以上结果表明该重组漆酶在染料废水处理和环境保护等方面具有较好的应用价值和前景。     

真菌对染料废水脱色降解的研究进展

染料属生物难降解有机物 ,染料和印染废水已成为当前最重要的水体污染源之一。本文列举了近年发现和研究的染料脱色真菌 ,并综述了真菌脱色降解染料的机理及其在染料废水处理中的应用前景     

杂色云芝对2种染料的脱色条件研究

比较了2种不同液体限氮培养基中杂色云芝对酸性品红和亚甲基蓝的脱色效果，确定了最佳接种量。优化出的基本参数为T=34℃、进料浓度200mg／L、pH=4．5。实验结果表明：杂色云芝对进水的酸碱度具有很强的适应性．从pH 2.5到10．5比较宽的区间内保持了比较稳定的高脱色率，这一点对于工程应用具有实际意义。     

真菌对染料废水脱色降解的研究进展

染料属生物难降解有机物，染料和印染废水已成为当前最重要的水体污染源之一。本文列举了近年发现和研究的染料脱色真菌，并综述了真菌脱色降解染料的机理及其在染料废水处理中的应用前景。     

杂色云芝对2种染料的脱色条件研究

比较了2种不同液体限氮培养基中杂色云芝对酸性品红和亚甲基蓝的脱色效果,确定了最佳接种量。优化出的基本参数为T=34℃、进料浓度200mg/L、pH=4.5。实验结果表明:杂色云芝对进水的酸碱度具有很强的适应性,从pH2.5到10.5比较宽的区间内保持了比较稳定的高脱色率,这一点对于工程应用具有实际意义。     

白腐菌J-6对五类化学结构染料的脱色性能

从白腐菌中筛出了一株能对五类不同化学结构的染料进行高效脱色的菌株——J-6。通过采用“批式”摇床培养法,测定染料脱色率,从而确定该菌株能高效脱色的最佳培养时间和连续处理染料的能力。发酵培养96h的菌体可使活性艳蓝R(A)SP在5h内脱色率达95％以上;活性翠蓝G、活性黑GRP、混合染料在9h内脱色率达90％以上;孔雀绿、Po1yR-478在24h内脱色率分别达95％、90％以上。另外,J-6对不同染料最佳脱色时间和最终脱色效率与菌体本身发酵培养的时间长短和染料的种类紧密相关。J6处理能力强,连续处理4次染料后仍保持较高的脱色率。     

几种无机混凝剂对酸性红染料的脱色研究

比较了无机混凝剂氯化铁、氯化铝和硫酸铝对染色废水的脱色效果，实验结果表明：氯化剂的絮凝脱色效果最佳，其适宜ｐＨ在２．５￣４．５之间，当加入适量的膨润土，则能拓宽ｐＨ适用范围，稳定脱色效果。     

铁—草酸盐络合物的光解对水溶性染料脱色作用的研究

进行了铁－草酸盐络合物在紫外光照射下,对水溶性染料的光解脱色研究。结果表明,在ｐＨ＝４．Ｆｅ／Ｃ２Ｏ＾２－４＝２０μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１／２４０μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１的条件下,铁－草酸盐络合物／ＵＶ对２０ｍｇ／Ｌ染料的混合溶液的脱色率为４３．１％,有一定的脱色效果。     

高压脉冲电晕法治理有机废气实验研究

介绍了采用高压脉冲电晕法去除乙醇,甲醛,二氧甲灶模拟废气的情况。实验在线一板式电晕反应器内进行,考察了电压峰值,气体浓度,停留时间和含湿量等不同因素对去除率的影响。实验结果表明能达到较好的去除效果。     

利用高压脉冲放电处理废水的研究进展

本文主要对脉冲高压放电处理废水的进展情况作了论述 ,讨论了不同放电反应器的设计及其国内外的应用 ,同时对水中放电的发生及其发展研究情况作了介绍     

Synergistic effects of liquid and gas phase discharges using pulsed high voltage for dyes degradation in the presence of oxygen

The technology of combined liquid and gas phase discharges (LGD) using pulsed high voltage for dyes degradation was developed in this study. Apparent synergistic effects for Acid orange II (AO) degradation in the presence of oxygen were observed. The enhancement of AO degradation rate was around 302%. Furthermore, higher energy efficiency was obtained comparing with individual liquid phase discharge (LD) or gas phase discharge process (GD). The AO degradation in the presence of oxygen by LGD proceeded through the direct ozone oxidation and the ozone decomposition induced by LD. Important operating parameters such as electrode distance, applied voltage, pulse repetition rate, and types of dyes were further investigated.     

实用型深度光氧化设备对几种染料和多菌灵农药废水的处理

利用HFS 1型深度光氧化废水处理设备对活性艳蓝K3R、酸性红 3B、活性黑KNB、酸性红A、直接耐酸大红4BS等 5种染料的水溶液和多菌灵农药废水进行了深度光氧化处理。结果表明 :(1)染料在处理 5min后 ,脱色率都在 90 %以上 ;处理 15min后 ,CODCr的去除率除活性艳蓝K3R较低外 ,其余的都在 80 %以上 ;BOD5/CODCr的值都有所增大。 (2 )多菌灵农药废水 (经稀释 )处理 4 0min后CODCr的去除率为 5 7.0 % ,BOD5/CODCr的值由 0 .2 0增加到 0 .4 4。 (3)采用深度光氧化 -絮凝的工艺处理多菌灵农药废水 ,CODCr的去除率为 5 7.5 %。     

Polarity effect of pulsed corona discharge for the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury

The effect of polarity on the oxidation of Hg⁰ was examined in the presence of O₂ via a pulsed corona discharge (PCD). The experimental result showed no difference in the energy yield of Hg⁰ oxidation at both positive and negative PCDs (∼8 μg Hg W h⁻¹ at following conditions: total flow rate = 2 L min⁻¹ (Hg⁰ = 50 μg N m⁻³, O₂ = 10%, and N₂ balance), temperature = 150 °C, and specific energy density = 5-15 W h N m⁻³). This suggests that the positive PCD process used to control gaseous air pollutants may play an essential key role in Hg⁰ oxidation because it consumes enough energy (∼15 W h N m⁻³) but an electrical precipitator could not because it consumes less energy (∼0.3 W h N m⁻³) to oxidize Hg⁰.     

A method for removal of CO from exhaust gas using pulsed corona discharge

An experimental study of the oxidation of CO in exhaust gas from a motorcycle has been carried out using plasma chemical reactions in a pulsed corona discharge. In the process, some main parameters, such as the initial CO concentration, amplitude and frequency of pulses, residence time, reactor volume, and relative humidity (RH), as well as their effects on CO removal characteristics, were investigated. O3, which is beneficial to reducing CO, was produced during CO removal. When the exhaust gas was at ambient temperature, more than 80% CO removal efficiency was realized at an initial concentration of 288 ppm in a suitable range of the parameters.     

Interactions between organic flocculant PAN-DCD and dyes

Organic flocculant polyacrylonitrile-dicyandiamide (PAN-DCD) was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. Polar groups, such as triazine, carboxyl, amidine, carbonamide and non-polar groups, such as methylene were identified in the macromolecular chain of PAN-DCD. The flocculant effectively decolorized the examined dyes in their aqueous solutions under acid condition. By comparing the IR spectra of dyes with that of PAN-DCD and that of flocs formed, weak chemical interactions between amino in PAN-DCD side chain and sulfonic acid group in the dye molecules were observed through the formation of -NH3+ SO3(-)-, NH2+ SO3(-)- or/and =NH+ SO3(-)-. By using equilibrium dialysis technique, the hydrophobic interactions between PAN-DCD and the dyes in the binding process were also observed from the experimental results. The binding extent of PAN-DCD to dye KN-R was greater than that of MO. The addition of urea into the binding system of KN-R by PAN-DCD reduced the first binding constant K from 12.2 x 10(5) (without urea) to 3.48 x 10(5) (with urea).     

三维多孔碳海绵催化臭氧氧化有机染料

针对目前催化臭氧氧化催化剂效率较低、易损失等缺点,通过高温煅烧制备了三聚氰胺碳海绵,以廉价易得的三聚氰胺泡沫直接碳化制备出柔性碳海绵,探讨其在催化臭氧氧化降解印染废水反应中的应用潜力;采用SEM观察、比表面积测定、傅里叶红外光谱和X-射线光电子能谱对碳化前后泡沫进行了表征,探讨了碳化前后泡沫微观结构的变化与催化降解印染废水性能与机理。结果表明：氮气氛围下高温煅烧获得了兼具微孔/介孔结构的三维碳骨架,为催化反应提供充分暴露的活性位点和高效的传质通道;在催化臭氧氧化染料的过程中,973 K下制备的碳泡沫呈现出最为优异的催化活性,显著高于均相臭氧氧化和常规活性炭催化臭氧氧化;自由基捕获实验表明催化过程由羟基自由基(·OH)所主导,超氧自由基(·O₂^-)则发挥了次要作用;富含多孔结构的碳海绵对于活性自由基的生成起到了积极贡献,从而在实际印染废水处理中具有良好的降解性能。研究为开发低成本的三维碳材料用于催化臭氧降解有机污染废水提供了新思路。     

臭氧氧化降解含染料废水的研究

探讨了臭氧氧化技术处理染料 (酸性、直接、活性、分散和还原颜料 )模拟废水的影响因素———pH值、初始浓度和臭氧含量等对其的影响 ;臭氧氧化能提高染料废水的可生化性 ,可用来作为高浓度染料废水的预处理手段     

Decomposition of volatile organic compounds using corona discharge plasma technology

This paper explores the application of corona plasma technology as a tool in treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The review introduces the principle of corona discharge and describes the characteristics of plasma, especially of various corona plasma reactors. By summarizing the main features of such reactors, this paper provides a brief background to different power sources and reactor configurations and their application to VOC treatment design. Considering chlorinated compounds, benzene series and sulfur compounds, this paper reveals the probable mechanism of corona plasma in VOC degradation. Additionally, the effects of numerous technical parameters – such as reactor structure, shape and materials of electrodes, and humidity – are analyzed comprehensively. Product distribution, energy efficiency and economic benefits are invoked as factors to evaluate the performance of VOC degradation. Finally, the practical application of corona plasma and its advantages are briefly introduced. The review aims to illustrate the enormous potential of corona plasma technology in the treatment of VOCs, and identifies future directions.

Implications: This paper comprehensively describes the principle, characteristics, research progress and engineering application examples of the degradation of volatile organics by corona discharge plasma, to provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application of this process.