猪粪堆肥发酵菌种的分离筛选及特性研究

从多种样品材料中分离筛选出8株能以猪粪为基质生长的菌种,对其中4株菌(8B、8C、8E、2B)进行了初步分类鉴定,并对它们发酵猪粪培养基的特性作了研究.结果表明,这4株菌均属于芽孢杆菌属,其中8C、2B菌种生长最好,8B次之,而8E菌种则不适合作为发酵菌种;对培养基采取完全灭菌对菌种生长繁殖是有利的,间歇灭菌和不灭菌效果相对较差,甚至会对菌种产生不利影响;pH值的变化在一定程度上反映出微生物生长繁殖能力的强弱;较低的pH值不利于微生物菌种生长.     

净化烹饪油污微生物菌种的选育

利用正交试验方法优化了净化烹饪油污菌种选育的环境和营养条件 ,即 :油 :2 0mL、NaNO3( 2g L) :4mL、KH2 PO4( 0 .5g L) :3mL、微量元素溶液 (CuSO4·5H2 O 0 .0 3g L ,ZnSO4·7H2 O 0 .1g L ,MnCl2 ·4H2 O 0 .0 5g L) :1mL和温度 3 7℃ ;而且得出氮源是影响菌体增长的最重要因素 ,温度是影响微生物降解的重要因素 ,而微量元素和磷源对菌种培育结果影响较小。在此优化条件下选育出了合适降解烹饪油污的c种子菌液 ,其每天可降解油 2 2mg L以上 ,并鉴定出主要的微生物是嗜水性气单孢菌 (Aeromonashydrophila 4AK4)、黄丝藻属 (Tribonema)和多甲藻属 (Peridinium)等菌体 ;分析了选育过程活性微生物、目标污染物和微生物的代谢产物三者之间的关系 ,发现所选微生物能利用油类物质作为碳源进行生长代谢     

高效堆肥菌种的筛选及在城市污泥堆肥上的应用

分离筛选出了4株猪粪堆肥菌种,初步的分类鉴定表明它们均属于芽孢杆菌属.利用这些菌种制成混合菌剂,并进行城市污泥堆肥对比试验,结果显示,接菌处理在各项堆肥指标上明显优于未接菌的空白处理,自制菌与酵素菌在堆肥过程中具有非常相似的发酵能力,均能加快堆肥的升温速度,提高堆肥的最高温度,加快物料含水率的下降.说明自制菌不但可以应用于猪粪的堆肥发酵,在城市污泥高温堆肥方面也有很好的应用潜力.     

固定化微生物菌种的筛选与鉴定

以菲、芘作为降解对象，对多种菌株进行筛选，从中挑选出降解率最高的两株菌，细菌和真菌各一株，并对其生长曲线进行测定，为菌种的固定化提供了一定的依据。同时对菌种进一步鉴定，细菌为动胶杆菌(Zoogloea sp．)，在72h内对菲、芘的降解率为87．82％和49．22％；真菌为镰刀菌(Fuarium sp．)，在216h内对菲、芘的降解率为93．32％和96．29％。     

改进式曝气生物滤池处理高氨氮废水的研究

针对化肥氨氮废水排放量大、氨氮浓度高、C/N低等特点,通过实验研究探讨了添加高效菌种后采用改进式曝气生物滤池对化肥氨氮废水的处理性能、机理及实用性,并与SBR、普通BAF(Biofor)工艺和未添加高效菌种的改进式曝气生物滤池进行了对比。实验结果表明,添加高效菌种后改进式曝气生物滤池可以将氨氮≤200 mg/L,COD≤150 mg/L的化肥废水有效地处理至氨氮≤5 mg/L,COD≤50 mg/L,同时对总氮去除率达60%以上。     

亚硝酸盐氮测定中的稳定性试验

对亚硝酸盐氮测定的清洁水样及1．00mg／L亚硝酸盐氮标准使用溶液分别进行了稳定性试验,试验表明,清洁水样置冰箱内至少可保存30d;1．00mg／L亚硝酸盐氮标准溶液可保存180d,大大延长了国标方法中规定的24h的保存期,既提高了工作效率,又节约了试剂,在实际工作中具有一定的可行性及推广性。     

红色非硫光合细菌的生长特性研究

红色非硫光合细菌菌种从城市污水处理厂活性污泥中分离得到，对红色非硫光合细菌的生长规律及其影响因素进行研究，试验表明：在进行污水处理时所用的红色非硫光合细菌的最佳培养条件为接种量2％，pH7～8，光照强度为1500 lx，光照厌氧条件下培养3～5d。这为红色非硫光合细菌应用于染料有机化工废水处理的进一步研究提供了理论依据。     

净化烹饪油污微生物菌种的选育

利用正交试验方法优化了净化烹饪油污菌种选育的环境和营养条件，即：油：20mL、NaNO3（2g/L)：4mL、KH2PO4(0．5g/L)：3mL、微量元素溶液(CuS04-5H200．03g/L，ZnSO4-7H2O0．1g/L，MnCl2-4H2O0．05g／L)：1mL和温度37℃；而且得出氮源是影响菌体增长的最重要因素，温度是影响微生物降解的重要因素，而微量元素和磷源对菌种培育结果影响较小。在此优化条件下选育出了合适降解烹饪油污的c种子菌液，其每天可降解油22mg，L以上，并鉴定出主要的微生物是嗜水性气单孢菌(Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4)、黄丝藻属(Tribonema)和多甲藻属(Peridinium)等菌体；分析了选育过程活性微生物、目标污染物和微生物的代谢产物三者之间的关系，发现所选微生物能利用油类物质作为碳源进行生长代谢。     

土壤镉胁迫下菲降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

以菲和镉为供试物,对沈抚灌区土壤中土著菌进行筛选试验,筛选出一株菲降解菌,命名为W.J,同时测定在不同浓度镉胁迫下,菲为单一碳源时W.J的生长情况.结果表明,在镉胁迫下W.J对菲具有一定的降解能力,镉30 mg/L时,60 h时菲降解率在65%以上.16s rDNA测序比对发现,W.J与Alcaligenes(产碱杆菌属)同源性最高,为99%.通过对W.J生长曲线的测定,发现其对数生长期为0～20 h,这为W.J菌株保存提供了一定的前提条件.高浓度镉在W.J的生长后期对其有明显的毒理效应.     

两相厌氧流化床中优势菌种降解硝基苯废水的特性

构建了从强化传质与优势菌相结合的两相厌氧流化床生物降解体系,考察了水力停留时间(HRT)与上流速度2种水力特征以及共基质、pH、进水浓度等主要过程因素对优势菌种降解硝基苯的影响.结果显示,反应器在HRT为36h、上流速度为4 m/h时获得较好的处理效果;菌种需要pH 7.5的条件下以葡萄糖为共基质降解硝基苯,且两者的最佳质量比约为6;当进水硝基苯浓度为50～345 mg/L时,对硝基苯平均降解率和降解速率分别达到91.1%和120.9 mg/(L·d),且可耐受2.5倍以内的浓度负荷冲击.由此表明良好的反应器水力条件及优势菌种的结合可使高毒性的硝基苯在厌氧条件下有效地降解.     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.