Microbial siderophores and their potential applications: a review

Siderophores are small organic molecules produced by microorganisms under iron-limiting conditions which enhance the uptake of iron to the microorganisms. In environment, the ferric form of iron is insoluble and inaccessible at physiological pH (7.35–7.40). Under this condition, microorganisms synthesize siderophores which have high affinity for ferric iron. These ferric iron-siderophore complexes are then transported to cytosol. In cytosol, the ferric iron gets reduced into ferrous iron and becomes accessible to microorganism. In recent times, siderophores have drawn much attention due to its potential roles in different fields. Siderophores have application in microbial ecology to enhance the growth of several unculturable microorganisms and can alter the microbial communities. In the field of agriculture, different types of siderophores promote the growth of several plant species and increase their yield by enhancing the Fe uptake to plants. Siderophores acts as a potential biocontrol agent against harmful phyto-pathogens and holds the ability to substitute hazardous pesticides. Heavy-metal-contaminated samples can be detoxified by applying siderophores, which explicate its role in bioremediation. Siderophores can detect the iron content in different environments, exhibiting its role as a biosensor. In the medical field, siderophore uses the “Trojan horse strategy” to form complexes with antibiotics and helps in the selective delivery of antibiotics to the antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Certain iron overload diseases for example sickle cell anemia can be treated with the help of siderophores. Other medical applications of siderophores include antimalarial activity, removal of transuranic elements from the body, and anticancer activity. The aim of this review is to discuss the important roles and applications of siderophores in different sectors including ecology, agriculture, bioremediation, biosensor, and medicine.     

A comprehensive review of hydrophobic silica and composite aerogels: synthesis,properties and recent progress towards environmental remediation and biomedical applications

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The hydrophobicity of silica and composite aerogels has enabled them to acquire applications in a variety of fields. With remarkable structural,...     

Relationship between release of nitric oxide and CO2 and their dependence on oxidation reduction potential in wastewater treatment

Nitric oxide (NO) is an intermediate of denitrification process and can be produced by denitrifiers, nitrifiers and other bacteria. In our experiments we measured the dynamic flow of NO depending on oxidation reduction potential (ORP). Different ORP-ranges were related to various carbon loading stages in the wastewater treatment pilot plant. Nitrification and denitrification were achieved by a sequence of aeration and non-aeration periods. Our measurements show that different carbon loading conditions (low feed, balanced and overloaded conditions) did not change the range of the mixing ratio of NO emissions when the aeration conditions like air-flow and temperature were kept constant. Minimum and maximum NO mixing ratios were 34.7 and 91.8 ppbv; 52.3 and 91.3 ppbv; 57.6 and 109 ppbv for low feed, balanced and overloaded conditions, respectively. The curve of the NO graph relied on nitrification/denitrification dynamics. The dependence of NO release on different ORP and CO2-release during the various conditions are shown. Longer aeration times resulted in an increased release of gaseous NO. The net-release of NO g(-1) nitrogen removed was between 0.014% and 0.028%. The NO fluxes to the air were observed between 8.3 and 14.9 mg m(-2) d(-1) NO. The major release occurred during high aeration periods whereas the concentration of dissolved [NOaq] in the wastewater was less than 0.05% of the gaseous release due to very low solubility of the NO.     

多孔碳材料对二噁英吸附性能的研究评述及展望

活性炭吸附已成为垃圾焚烧企业脱除烟气中二噁英类有机污染物最常用的方法。介绍了活性炭在垃圾焚烧企业的应用现状及存在的问题,系统分析了活性炭对二噁英的吸附特点,总结了烟气温度、活性炭喷入量、二噁英同系物分布、活性炭的孔结构等对二噁英脱除效率的影响。此外,概述了活性碳纤维、碳纳米管在二噁英吸附方面的研究动态。分析了碳纳米管在吸附二噁英过程中不同于活性炭的吸附机制,探讨了其未来替代活性炭作为二噁英吸附材料的可能性。     

The electrochemical selective reduction of NO using CoSe2@CNTs hybrid

Converting the NO from gaseous pollutant into NH₄ ⁺ through electrocatalytical reduction using cost-effective materials holds great promise for pollutant purifying and resources recycling. In this work, we developed a highly selective and stable catalyst CoSe₂ nanoparticle hybridized with carbon nanotubes (CoSe₂@CNTs). The CoSe₂@CNTs hybrid catalysts performed an extraordinary high selectivity for NH₄ ⁺ formation in NO electroreduction with minimal N₂O production and H₂ evolution. The specific spatial structure of CoSe₂ is conductive to the predominant formation of N-H bond between the N from adsorbed NO and H and inhibition of N-N formation from adjacent adsorbed NO. It was also the first time to convert the coordinated NO into NH₄ ⁺ using non-noble metal catalysis. Moreover, the original concept of employing CoSe₂ as eletrocatalyst for NO hydrogenation presented in this work can broaden horizons and provide new dimensions in the design of new highly efficient catalysts for NH₄ ⁺ synthesis in aqueous solution.

     

A comprehensive review on textile waste valorization techniques and their applications

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - An increase in population compels the textile industry to expand production to fulfill the apparel requirement, resulting in huge textile waste. These...     

Molecular simulation and experimental studies on CO2 and N2 adsorption to bituminous coal

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A coal fire is one of the most serious disasters in coal mining. To improve the efficiency of an inert gas for extinguishing the fire, the adsorption...     

TEPA/TETA改性SBA-15对CO2吸附性能的影响

以非离子表面活性剂P123作为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,加入扩孔剂合成SBA-15介孔材料。以三乙烯四胺(TETA)和四乙烯五胺(TEPA)作为改性剂,对所得材料分别进行质量百分比20%、30%、35%和40%的负载量改性,得到CO2的吸附材料。用热重法测定材料的CO2吸附脱附性能,氮气物理吸附-脱附和元素分析法对样品进行表征。结果表明,同样负载条件下,TEPA改性效果显著优于TETA改性,这是由于TEPA比TETA多出一个胺基;在4个附载量中,30%~35%的负载量最优,其中35% TEPA负载量的扩孔SBA-15(SBA-15k)的CO2吸附量最高,达2.86 mmol/g;循环吸附脱附的结果表明经过5次吸附脱附,材料的吸附性能没有明显变化;吸附平衡时间很短,不到10 min,有利于实际应用;氮气物理吸附-脱附和元素分析结果表明,改性剂很好地负载到SBA-15k样品上,SBA-15k对TEPA和TETA的负载改性起到促进作用。     

The likely impact of rising atmospheric CO2 on natural and managed Populus: a literature review.

Because of their prominent role in global biomass productivity, as well as their complex structure and function, forests and tree species deserve particular attention in studies on the likely impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 on terrestrial vegetation. Poplar (Populus) has proven to be an interesting study object due to its fast response to a changing environment, and the growing importance of managed forests in the carbon balance. Results of both chamber and field experiments with different poplar species and hybrids are reviewed in this contribution. Despite the variability between experiments and species, and the remaining uncertainty over the long term, poplar is likely to profit from a rising atmospheric CO2 concentration with a mean biomass stimulation of 33%. Environmental conditions and pollutants (e.g. O3) may counteract this stimulation but with managed plantations, environmental constraints might not occur. The predicted responses of poplar to rising atmospheric CO2 have implications for future forest management and the expected forest carbon sequestration.     

Particle formation due to brake wear,influence on the people health and measures for their reduction: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - For achieving the desired vehicle speed, the IC engine is very important, while for further vehicle speed maintaining and adaptation to road...     

生物炭对抗生素的吸附/解吸研究进展

抗生素的滥用使得其在环境中被频频检出,并且由此导致的抗性基因污染已严重威胁到人类和动物健康。抗生素的吸附/解吸行为是其进入环境后发生迁移转化的重要途径之一。生物炭因具有成本低廉、制备简单、吸附效果好等优点,近年来被学者广泛关注。从动力学、热力学角度阐述生物炭对抗生素的吸附/解吸机理,分析生物炭对抗生素吸附/解吸过程的影响因素,包括生物炭自身特性(比表面积、官能团、微孔结构)、生物炭释放的溶解性有机质(DOM)、生物炭中的持久性自由基以及pH、温度、离子强度、腐殖酸、生物炭老化等环境因素,试图系统探究生物炭对抗生素吸附/解吸的本质。虽然生物炭对抗生素吸附行为的研究已日渐成熟,但有关生物炭对抗生素的解吸机理、生物炭衍生DOM对吸附/解吸过程的影响、生物炭施用后带来的环境风险以及改性生物炭的实际应用等方面的研究还不够完善,今后对这些方面的研究仍有待加强。     

A review of the catalysts used in the reduction of NO by CO for gas purification

The reduction of NO by the CO produced by incomplete combustion in the flue gas can remove CO and NO simultaneously and economically. However, there are some problems and challenges in the industrial application which limit the application of this process. In this work, noble metal catalysts and transition metal catalysts used in the reduction of NO by CO in recent years are systematically reviewed, emphasizing the research progress on Ir-based catalysts and Cu-based catalysts with prospective applications. The effects of catalyst support, additives, pretreatment methods, and physicochemical properties of catalysts on catalytic activity are summarized. In addition, the effects of atmosphere conditions on the catalytic activity are discussed. Several kinds of reaction mechanisms are proposed for noble metal catalysts and transition metal catalysts. Ir-based catalysts have an excellent activity for NO reduction by CO in the presence of O₂. Cu-based bimetallic catalysts show better catalytic performance in the absence of O₂, in that the adsorption and dissociation of NO can occur on both oxygen vacancies and metal sites. Finally, the potential problems existing in the application of the reduction of NO by CO in industrial flue gas are analyzed and some promising solutions are put forward through this review.

     

吸附-电化学氧化耦合处理对氯苯酚废水及动力学

以毡状活性炭纤维为阳极,不锈钢为阴极,吸附-电化学氧化耦合降解对氯苯酚废水进行了研究。考察了吸附或耦合电化学氧化过程、电流密度、支持电解质硫酸钠浓度和活性炭纤维重复使用对废水COD去除率的影响,结果表明,采用吸附-电化学氧化耦合方法,当电流密度7.6 mA/cm2支持电解质（硫酸钠）浓度为1 g/L,处理时间为180 min,4-CP废水COD去除率可达97.09%。毡状活性炭纤维对4-CP的静态吸附过程符合Langmiu吸附等温方程。建立了吸附-电化学氧化COD去除动力学模型,动力学模型参数表明,对于COD的去除,电化学氧化作用比吸附作用大。     

Zr掺杂对SBA-15上负载胺分散性及CO2吸附特性的影响

针对胺改性复合吸附剂稳定性差、负载胺分散性欠佳的问题,对介孔SBA-15进行原位Zr掺杂改性,考察了载体材料表面酸性对胺分散状态及其CO2吸附性能的影响。研究表明：载体表面酸性的增强可改善聚合胺在其孔道结构中的空间分散构型,使其暴露出更多的活性位点,由此低PEI负载量下复合吸附剂（30PEI/ZrSBA-15）对CO2的吸附容量均在99 mg·g-1以上,超过50PEI/SBA-15在优选温度75℃下的吸附容量89.8 mg·g-1;且表面酸性位与端位氨基间的结合也增进了复合吸附剂的热稳定性与循环稳定性,3次循环测试后样品的CO2吸附容量没有下降。     

Advantages and prospective challenges of nanotechnology applications in fish cultures: a comparative review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Applications of nanotechnology in fish cultures have participated in getting over various difficulties that hinder fish productivity. They can achieve...     

Xenobiotics removal by adsorption in the context of tertiary treatment: a mini review

Many xenobiotics, including several pharmaceuticals and pesticides, are poorly treated in domestic wastewater treatment plants. Adsorption processes, such as with activated carbons, could be a solution to curb their discharge into the aquatic environment. As adsorbent-like activated carbon is known to be expensive, identifying promising alternative adsorbent materials is a key challenge for efficient yet affordable xenobiotic removal from wastewaters. As part of the effort to address this challenge, we surveyed the literature on pharmaceutical and pesticide xenobiotics and built a database compiling data from 38 scientific publications covering 65 xenobiotics and 58 materials. Special focus was given to the relevance and comparability of the data to the characteristics of the adsorbent materials used and to the operating conditions of the batch tests inventoried. This paper gives an in-depth overview of the adsorption capacities of various adsorbents. The little data on alternative adsorbent materials, especially for the adsorption of pharmaceuticals, makes it difficult to single out any one activated carbon alternative capable of adsorbing pesticides and pharmaceuticals at the tertiary stage of treatment. There is a pressing need for further lab-scale experiments to investigate the tertiary treatment of discharged effluents. We conclude with recommendations on how future data should best be used and interpreted.     

A combination of ion exchange and electrochemical reduction for nitrate removal from drinking water. Part II: electrochemical treatment of a spent regenerant solution.

The process of electrochemical treatment of a solution after strong basic anion exchanger regeneration was studied. The goal of the study was to reduce the nitrate content in the solution to allow its use in a closed loop. Diaphragmless, flow-through cells in a recirculation mode with and without a fluidizing bed of inert particles in the interelectrode space equipped with copper (Cu) cathodes and activated titanium anodes were used. The temperature was maintained at 20 degrees C. To assess the influence of recirculation of the regenerant solution on the quality of the treated water, the effect of the addition of copper ions to the solution, postelectrolysis cathode treatment, and enhanced mass transfer on the electrolysis results with respect to current efficiency and residual nitrate and nitrite concentration were investigated using an artificial solution. On the basis of the experimental results, a laboratory-scale unit for selective nitrate removal was designed and constructed that integrated ion exchange and electrochemical cell to one assembly. The process of recirculation of regenerant solution was tested using groundwater.     

Evaluation of kinetics and mechanism properties of CO2 adsorption onto the palm kernel shell activated carbon

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The volumetric adsorption kinetics of carbon dioxide (CO2) onto the synthesized palm kernel shell activated carbon via single-stage CO2 activation and...