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探讨了一种简便的医院污水BOD测定中样品稀释倍数的推算方法。首先测定CODCr值,由CODCr值除以系数8,即获得稀释倍数C=CODCr/8。结果表明,该法仅需配制一个稀释比,省时省力,并具有可靠性好,准确度高,适应性强等优点。适用于各种医院污水中BOD的分析监测。 相似文献
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为实现我国对CODCr排污总量控制,提出了CODCr现场监测的实施方法及总量监测方法。各排污单位必须配备污水流量计、自动采样器或CODCr在线连续自动监测仪等,对污水中CODCr的排放总量实施监测。同时着重介绍了CODCr在线连续自动监测仪。 相似文献
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地表水BOD_5的快速预测预报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地表水五日生化需氧量(BOD5)的测试需要五天时间,分析周期较长。本文建立了BOD5与高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、BOD5与溶解氧(DO)之间的直线回归方程,通过测定地表水的CODMn和DO可分别对地表水的BOD5实现快速预测预报。现场使用溶解氧测定仪检测DO,可立即预报地表水的BOD5。 相似文献
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啤酒厂排放废水中COD与BOD_5的相关性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
啤酒厂排放废水中COD与BOD5的相关性分析唐韵雯(四川峨眉山市环境监测站,峨眉614200)在本文测定的废水条件下,COD对BOD5的回归直线方程为:BOD5=-73.8+0.8384COD。说明,①本文所用28组统计数据是从56组数据中选出,凡耗... 相似文献
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周能芹 《甘肃环境研究与监测》1996,9(1):46-47,38
根据缫丝行业废水CODCr与BOD5的测定结果,通过研究它们之间的相关性,建立了相关方程式,从而以CODcr值预测预报BOD5值,大大简化了分析测试工作,对控制该行业污染及其治理,加强监督管理起到积极作用。 相似文献
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海河下游水体中DO与NH_3-N、COD_(Mn)相关关系探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文应用近年来海河下游监测数据对DO与NH3N和CODMn进行一元线性回归,得到两回归方程:NH3N=-128DO+1054;CODMn=-113DO+1692。并经相关系数和回归系数显著性检验,表明在999%的置信水平下DO与NH3N和CODMn线性相关均极其显著 相似文献
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废水COD分析的取样误差和最小重复测定次数的确定谢美云(福建三明市环境监测站,365000)在日常监测中,发现水中悬浮物对COD值有一定的影响,特别是测定锅炉除尘废水,由于废水中含有大量的未燃烧完的粉煤灰,直接影响着OCD值,当粉煤灰含量高时,COD... 相似文献
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简述土地快速渗滤系统对工业废水吸附饱和与恢复试验的基本装置和土壤性质。重点陈述了土层COD降解能力恢复试验的结果。 相似文献
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Distribution and bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in food web of Nansi Lake,China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Guizhai Zhang Zhaoke Pan Aiying Bai Jing Li Xiaoming Li 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(4):2039-2051
The concentration of 12 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in water, sediment, aquatic plant, and animal (shrimp and fish) of Nansi Lake by gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. The total OCPs concentrations were 65.31–100.31 ng L?1 in water, 2.9–6.91 ng g?1 dry weight (dw) in sediments, 1.29–6.42 ng g?1 dw in aquatic plants and 7.57–17.22 ng g?1 dw in animals. The OCPs composition profiles showed that heptachlor compounds was also the predominant OCPs contaminants in addition to hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in Nansi Lake. According to the source of HCHs and DDTs in sediment samples, there was no new input and the HCHs pollution mainly came from the use of Lindane in Nansi Lake. Bioaccumulation of OCPs in aquatic biota indicated that DDTs and heptachlor compounds had a strong accumulation, followed by HCHs and drins. The accumulation abilities of fish for OCPs were higher than those of plants and shrimps. The OCPs biota-sediment accumulation factor values of Channa argus was the highest in fish samples, followed by Carassius auratus, and Cyprinus caspio. Risk assessment of sediment showed that heptachlor epoxide had a higher occurrence possibility of adverse ecological effects to benthic species. Based on the calculation of acceptable daily intake and hazard ratio, HCHs in fish and shrimps from Nansi Lake had a lifetime cancer risk of greater than one per million. The risk assessment of water, sediment, and fish indicated the water environment of Nansi Lake is at a safe level at present. 相似文献
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回归分析与灰色系统耦合用于水环境预测研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
探讨了将多元回归分析模型和灰色系统(GM(1,1))耦合应用于武汉市东湖水体污染预测的方法和技术。首先根据多年污染因子浓度监测资料分别建立了COD、BOD、TN、TP与人口、经济和捕鱼量之间的多元线性回归方程;之后根据人口、经济和鱼产量的历史资料,用GM(1,1)模型拟合,再反推得到预测值;最后,将人口、经济和鱼产量的预测值代入多元线性回归方程得到污染物浓度的未来值。这样将环境污染与社会经济联系起来更能反映环境质量的变化趋势。结果表明,到21 世纪,东湖水体的TN、TP、COD、BOD 的浓度将分别是1982 年的2.58、3.70、2.45 和7.89 倍;比1992年分别增长33.5% 、68.18% 、68.28% 和229.24% ,将处于超富营养状态,如不及时治理,生态环境将进一步恶化。 相似文献
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滇池东南岸农业和富磷区入湖河流地表径流及污染特征 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
应用聚类分析与因子分析方法,通过8次常规监测,对滇池东南岸10条以农业面源和受磷矿开采区影响的入湖河流的地表径流及其水质污染特征进行了分析,并探讨了其空间差异性。在南岸选取降雨过程相同的3条河流,开展暴雨径流监测,探讨污染物在降雨过程中的流失特征。结果表明,新宝象河的平均流量为2.6 m3/s,占总入湖流量的26.5%;总氮、总磷、化学需氧量、悬浮物是滇池的主要污染指标,许多河流均已严重超标。河流水质在空间上可分为3类,具有明显的空间差异性。总氮、总磷、溶解磷、硝态氮对水质污染的贡献率达到了53.636%,氮、磷含量是河流水质污染的主要贡献因子。降雨条件下化学需氧量、悬浮物浓度增长迅速,流量、悬浮物与大多数水质指标均有相关性,磷矿开采对河流水质的影响在降雨条件下更加明显,其悬浮物浓度在降雨条件下比只受农业面源影响的河流最高高出1.9倍。 相似文献
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Spatial distribution and potential ecologic risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of the Nansi Lake in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xuezhi Cao Yan Shao Wenjing Deng Hui Wang Shiliang Wang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8845-8856
The contamination levels and ecological risks of heavy metals in the sediments of the Nansi Lake were investigated. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Co in the surface sediments collected at 20 sites ranged from 0.08 to 1.12, 58.92 to 135.62, 38.09 to 78.65, 24.51 to 53.95, 110.51 to 235.36, 11.30 to 65.40, and 4.12 to 20.14 mg/kg, respectively. The results of partitioning analysis revealed that the proportions of soluble and exchangeable fraction were less than 1 %, the proportions of carbonate, amorphous oxides, organic matter, and crystalline oxides fraction were less than 10 %, and 10.52 % of Cd was associated with carbonate. The average proportions in the residual fraction ranged from 48.62 % for Cu to 73.76 % for Ni, indicating low mobility and bioavailability. The geoaccumulation index (I geo), relative enrichment factor (REF), sediment pollution index (SPI), and potential effect concentration quotient (PECQ) values of the heavy metals in the sediments were not in agreement with each another. The average REF values of Cd and Zn were higher than those of other metals. However, the average PECQ values were higher for Cr and Ni than those of other metals, indicating that these two metals would cause higher adverse biological effects. Therefore, it is suggested that future management and pollution control might focus on Cd, Zn, Cr, and Ni in the sediments of the Nansi Lake. 相似文献
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长湖流域水质时空分布特征及影响因子 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用2009—2014年长湖5个水质监测点数据,采用时间序列法分析了长湖水质的时间变化规律,采用相关性分析法,分析了流域水污染的影响因子。结果表明:在时间上,长湖水污染物质量浓度季节变化明显,COD、TN、NH3-N均为7、9月较低,1、3月较高,丰水期水质好于枯水期。入湖地区TP质量浓度7月达最高值,且7月份入湖地区的桥河口、关沮口的NH3-N、TN含量稍高于5月。空间上,西北部入湖地区水质劣于湖心及东南部出湖地区。工业、生活等点源污水,以耕地为主的农业非点源以及天然降水量和径流量是影响水质的主要因素,入湖排污量、降水量和径流量与长湖水质呈显著相关关系(P0.05)。 相似文献
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Development of the microbial communities in lake donghu in relation to water quality 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
There is increasing recognition that protozoa is very useful in monitoring and evaluating water ecological healthy and quality. In order to study the relationship between structure and function of protozoan communities and water qualities, six sampling stations were set on Lake Donghu, a hypereutrophic subtropical Chinese lake. Microbial communities and protists sampling from the six stations was conducted by PFU (Polyurethane foam unit) method. Species number (S), diversity index (DI), percentage of phytomastigophra, community pollution value (CPV), community similarity and heterophy index (HI) were mensurated. The measured indicators of water quality included total phosphorus (TP), dissolved oxygen (DO), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH(4)(+), NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-). Every month water samples from stations I, II, III, IV were chemically analyzed for a whole year, Among the chemically analyzed stations, station I was the most heavily polluted, station II was the next, stations III and IV had similar pollution degrees. The variable tendencies of COD, TP, NH(3), NO(2)(-), NO(3)(-), and DO during the year was approximately coincident among the six stations. Analysis from the community parameters showed that the pollution of station 0 was much more serious than others, and station V was the most slight. Of the community parameters, CPV and HI were sensitive in reflecting the variables of the water quality. Community similarity index was also sensitive in dividing water qualities and the water quality status of different stations could be correctly classified by the cluster analysis. DI could reflect the tendency of water quality gradient, species number and percentage of Phytomastigophora was not obvious in indicating the water quality gradient. 相似文献
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洪泽湖流域生态环境问题及治理对策 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
分析了洪泽湖水环境和污染源特征,针对存在的氮磷超标导致湖体富营养化、生态退化以及入境客水污染等主要环境问题,提出制订入湖河流TN标准、控制污染物排放总量、修复湖泊生态、治理客水和强化水质监控等措施,为有效地改善洪泽湖水环境质量,遏制湖泊富营养化趋势提供科学支撑。 相似文献
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滇池流域城市型河流盘龙江总磷水环境容量测算研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了水体污染物容量总量控制,将盘龙江水环境容量划分为4个控制单元,采用两点示踪法确定盘龙江总磷(TP)综合降解系数,并采用一维水质模型对其进行了验证,在此基础上利用模型计算了盘龙江各控制单元的TP水环境容量.结果表明,盘龙江TP综合降解系数的区间值为0.016 d-1 ±0.002 d-1,盘龙江4个控制单元(Ⅰ段、Ⅱ... 相似文献