中国农村人口问题与中国可持续发展

中国人口问题是中国可持续发展面临的首要问题。中国13亿人口中约有9亿是农村人口。因此所谓“中国人口问题”根本上是中国农村人口问题。人口为什么会成为一个“问题”则是关注的焦点。通过对人口问题本质进行剖析发现。研究人口问题必须着眼予人与自然的关系以及人与社会的关系。而解决中国的人口“问题”则必须着眼于农村人口生存方式的改变。从当前我国农村人口的生存方式和状况来看。中国的农村人口问题折射在农业、农村问题上。故统称为“三农”问题。为此，着眼于中国可持续发展提出解决中国农村人口问题的途径和建议。     

中国入世与长江流域可持续发展

中国入世不仅对中国的社会经济产生深远影响，对长江流域的可持续发展也将产生深刻影响。主要的负面影响是：（1）长江流域的钢铁、汽车、化工、农业等产业将受到国际竞争的巨大挑战；（2）新开放、开发、投资、建设热将对长江流域的生态环境带来新的巨大压力。主要的正面影响是：（1）入世加快了各级政府的职能转变，政府转变职能使长江的保护进入一个历史的新阶段；（2）入世强化了绿色壁垒，绿色壁垒作为一种外的在强制将大大有利于长江生态环境的根本改善；（3）入世使中国进入了新的大开放时代，新的大开放背景将使世界在开发、保护诸方面都关注长江；（4）入世和申奥成功使中国大跨度的调水战略提前实施，中国和世界将进入“以水为核心”配置资源、布局经济的时代，这必将更加凸现长江流域开放、开发的重要性。     

面向知识经济时代对中国可持续发展问题的思考

中国是一个发展中的国家,近百年来经受了许多的屈辱与磨难。解放后,特别是改革开放以来,中国的社会经济取得了突飞猛进的进展,到１９９８年已提前完成了人均国民生产总值翻两番的目标,迈入了“小康”社会。在东南亚金融危机的冲击下,泰国、韩国等一些国家的经济出现负增长,货币大幅度贬值,而我国却取得了７．８％的增长速度,并保持了人民币的不贬值,树立了我国政府开放的、负责任的形象,得到世界各国的一致赞扬。然而,我们也应当看到：目前中国的经济还相对落后,与发达国家相比存在较大差距;我们需要摆脱贫困,需要完成资本积…     

中国水资源与水工业的可持续发展

可持续发展是当今世界发展的一种新模式,已成为全世纪普遍关注的热点。 可持续发展的基本观点。分析了影响我国水工业可持续发展的主要限制因素;（１）水资源写水污染严惩）水工业基础设施薄弱,传统的水工业对污染水处理难以相适应;（３）水工业管理存在多种问题。针对目前我国水资源开发利用和水工业发展２及存在的主要问题,提出了我国水工业面向可持续发展的优化对策与途径;（１）保护水源,防治水污染;（２）开源节流,节     

中国可持续发展问题的系统动力学研究进展

可持续发展问题是当前的一个研究热点。鉴于可持续发展问题的综合性、系统性和复杂性。系统动力学是这一研究的有效工具。本文简要回顾了我国学者近年来应用系统动力学研究可持续发展问题的部分工作，提出了在这一领域进一步研究的若干方向。     

中国的可持续发展与绿色经济——2011中国可持续发展论坛主旨报告

2012年6月,联合国将在巴西召开"里约+20"峰会,回顾和评估过去20年全球的可持续发展,提出在新的历史阶段实现可持续发展的途径。在"里约+20"峰会即将来临之际,我们在这里举办中国可持续发展论坛,并把主题定为"全球格局下的中国绿色发展之路",目的也是为了总结和评估过去20年我国可持续发展的进展,进一步探讨新形势下实施可持续发展战略的新途径。在这里,我想利用这个机会谈两个方面     

中国的环境与可持续发展战略

~~中国的环境与可持续发展战略$全国人大资源与环境委员会!副主任委员@王涛     

中国CO_2地质封存与可持续发展

在全球气候变暖的自然趋势下,推行CO2地质封存项目对减缓气候变暖进程和我国实施可持续发展战略具有重要意义。本文概述了CO2在地质储层-盖层系统中的两种捕获机制:一是通过地层构造压力、地下水动力、流体密度差、盖层岩石毛细管压力及矿物(煤层)吸附等共同作用的物理捕获机制,另一种是通过水岩化学反应进行固碳的化学捕获机制。归纳了有利于长期安全封存CO2的地质条件和水文特征,结合文献资料指出我国CO2有效地质封存总容量可供中国CO2地质埋存使用1 000年以上。并从科学技术能力、人才储备、经济成本及效益预算、管理和运营体制等方面进行论证,认为我国实施CO2地质封存项目是切实可行的。结合我国不合理的能源消费结构及全球气候变暖、环境恶化可能产生的后果,阐述了CO2地质封存对我国实现节能减排、低碳经济等可持续发展战略的深远意义。建议我国尽快组织开展CO2地质封存相关科学理论、封存技术及基本框架和配套政策、法规研究,为我国应对全球气候变化提供足够的技术和人才储备。     

Sustainable Development and Health:Recent International Developments,Policies and Projects

Environment and health have been more and more jointly addressed in recent years,thanks to the efforts of several public and private institutions.In this scenario,a leading role has been played by the World Heath Organisation(WHO).A specific attention was devoted to the issue by the European Union(EU)EU institutions and the WHO Office for Europe,which lists 52 countries(including Europe,Eastern European Countries and Turkey, former Yugoslavia and part of the former Soviet Union).The objectives of the present paper are to give an overview of the main developments in this area,and to underline the progress made towards a common understanding of health and environment issues,the advantages and limits of these developments and the challenges for the future,to be tackled at a global level.     

Sustainable Development and Strategic Thinking

From an economic point of view, the industrial economy is efficient to overcome situations of a scarcity of goods. From a technological point of view, the resource efficiency of the manufacturing processes of the industrial economy has been permanently improved during the last 200 years. In addition, cleaner processes have been developed. However, from an ecologic point of view, an increasing world population with increasing consumption has produced a ＂global footprint＂ which approaches the carrying capacity of the planet. A circular economy and its high-value spin-offs-a lake economy and a performance or functional service economy-can fulfil customers＇ needs with considerably less resource consumption, less environmental impairment in production and considerably less end-of-life product waste, especially in situations of affluence, when a considerable stock of physical goods and infrastructures exists. Also, in situations of a scarcity of natural resources, both energy and materials, often characterised by rapidly rising resource prices, the economic actors of a circular economy have a high competitive advantage over the actors of the industrial economy, due to much lower procurement costs for materials and energy. From a social point of view, a circular economy increases the number of skilled jobs in regional enterprises. However, the shift from a linear manufacturing economy to a circular or service economy means a change in economic thinking from flow （throughput） management to stock （asset） management： in a manufacturing economy with largely unsaturated markets, total wealth increases through accumulation as resource throughput （flow） is transformed into a higher stock of goods of better quality （but in a manufacturing economy with largely saturated markets, wealth represented by the stock of goods will no longer increase）; in a circular or service economy, total wealth increases through a smart management of existing physical assets （stock） that are adapted to changes in both technology and customer demand. This second approach not only applies to physical capital but equally to social capital, such as health and education and green GDP. To measure the social wealth of a population, it is not the amount of money spent on schools and hospitals that matters, butif this expenditure has led to a better education of the students, and a better health of the people.     

环境-社会系统管理与可持续发展

提出以环境-社会系统管理推进可持续发展。就是要寓经济发展于生态化中。寓生态建设于经济化中．寓社会发展于生态和经济的协调发展之中．为“经济-社会-环境”系统建立一个健康、安全、和谐的可持续发展模式。     

中国不同发展阶段地区环境可持续性状态与趋势研究

中国不同地区发展水平存在较大的差异．面临的环境问题和可持续发展的优先领域也不同。因此．可持续发展评价与政策制定需要与区域发晨实际相结合。选取上海、德州和固原三个地区作为中国发达、发展中和欠发达地区的代表．选择可操作和可比性强的指标．基子压力-状态-响应模型．构建了环境可持续性趋势系数．对比不同发展水平地区环境发展的状态、趋势和存在的主要问题。得出以下结论：近20年来．虽然中国总体环境保护能力有了一定的提高．但污染物排放压力持续增长．环境质量普遍恶化的趋势没有得到根本改变;上海、德州和固原环境可持续性趋势系数分别为0．82、0．55和0．45．发达地区环境可持续性最强．发展中地区一般．欠发达地区量差;目前我国环境政策领域往往注重经济发展的“两极”：高度发达地区和欠发达地区,本文的研究结果表明。面积占全国67％、人口占全国40％的发展中地区环境问题最为突出。     

论政府能力与可持续发展

相对于传统发展模式。可持续发展在发展目标与内容上更具有公共性和长期性的取向。从而使政府能力将面临着更大的挑战.“卡尔多-希克斯改进”原则为政府推动可持续发展和走向“帕累托改瞢”提供了思路，并决定了政府能力的核心是制度供给能力。为了充分发挥政府能力。制度安排应遵循市场优先、地方政府优先、公众参与、遵循法治四个原则。     

论信息产业与可持续发展

信息产业与可持续发展在共同的时代背景下应运而生,相互作用又有机统一.信息产业对可持续发展有显著的正效应,主要表现为:信息产业对经济发展的贡献;信息技术的发展应用,可以减少人物流动,提高资源配置效率;合理利用自然资源,实时监测环境变化;可以通过非物质化降低能耗和物耗,等等.同时,信息产业因其固有的特殊性,又表现出与可持续发展不协调的方面,如信息安全与信息污染、电子产品中有毒元素的应用、电磁辐射及对人体的影响等.文章最后提出,信息产业对社会经济的可持续发展具有重要的推动作用,大力发展信息产业是我国产业结构调整的必然选择,以可持续发展战略指导信息产业健康发展,并以信息产业推动其他行业的可持续发展,提高资源环境利用和管理水平,是可持续发展的必由之路.     

City Environment Art and Sustainable Development

The development of everthing follows its own law, which does not change at people’s own sweet will. Therefore, we must study the development of things so as to grasp the essence of things in their deep meanings, explore the direction of their de- velopment, and make them better serve the people. As a part of the thought of sustainable development, city environment art will be of active significance to the perfection of the thought and will also be the concrete embodiment of the synthetic index of economic development. Such a thesis, starting from the macroscopic angle, and relying on the leading thought of sustainable development, takes hold of the development trend of city environment art, and explores the various problems that have arisen in city environment in the process of city management by combining thoughts on city planning, so as to guide urban harmonious development theoretically. The present paper expounds on the views comprehensively and, through the synthetic analysis on city planning, city environment, art esthetics and the thought of sustainable development, makes a detailed analysis of the effects of the present rapid city development on city environment.     

Implementing Sustainable Development Strategies

China's national sustainable development strategies were drafted under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping's theory on socialist construction with Chinese distinguishing features and, the theory and practice of sustainable development has further enriched and perfected Deng Xiaoping's theory. An in-depth study of Deng Xiaoping's theory is significant if we are to accurately understand our sustainable development program and how to best implement the strategies.     

Production, Consumption and the World Summit on Sustainable Development

At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), world leaders agreed that eliminating unsustainable production and consumption is one of the three overriding objectives of sustainable development. Achieving that objective should have been a major priority for the WSSD Plan of Implementation. Increases in consumption and production over the past decade were largely responsible for the worsening environmental and social trends. Unfortunately, the negotiators of the Plan paid insufficient attention to the lessons from 10 years of discussions about the concepts, the available policies and tools and their effectiveness, the impacts of those policies on developing countries, and the political commitment of countries in an era of globalization. Despite a promising proposal for a new ten-year work programme aimed at bridging the gap implementing the Agenda 21 commitments from Rio, Summit negotiators produced barely more than a muted echo of recommendations from the past which have yet to be taken seriously enough by the world's leaders in a comprehensive intergovernmental strategy. In the ten-year review of progress to achieve sustainable production and consumption (SPAC), governments quickly skipped past the critical work of examining why things are getting worse, avoiding the task of identifying the obstacles (which in some cases were themselves) and in turn avoiding the commitment to time-bound measurable targets. If nothing else, the WSSD demonstrated that a global strategy to achieve SPAC will come not from a UN consensus of world leaders but from a strategic alliance of responsible governments, civil society and others with a vision beyond the next election cycle.