中国陆上油藏CO2封存潜力评估

CO2捕集与封存是减缓气候变化的一种关键的碳减排选择方案。将CO2注入油藏作为一种碳埋存方式引起广泛关注。作为判断某一国家、某一区域或某一具体储层是否适合CO2地质封存开展的重要依据之一,有必要在规划碳捕集与封存(CCS)项目前,对潜在的封存库进行封存潜力评估。本文在已有可公开的地质资料的基础上,评估了中国陆上216个油田实施CO2地质封存的潜力,并与相关研究结果进行了比较。结果表明:在满足埋存深度大于800 m的筛选条件下,当假设我国陆上油田全部用于CO2-EOR时,CO2封存潜力约3.6 Gt;当陆上油田全部视为废弃油藏处理时,CO2理论封存潜力约4.6 Gt。其中,东北和华北地区油藏封存CO2潜力巨大,占陆上油田CO2封存总量的60%以上;同时这里CO2集中排放源分布密集,排放源和封存地间的匹配性良好,可以减少CO2运输和封存成本。在这两个地区可以优先考虑实施油藏封存CO2项目。     

中国CO_2地质储存问题浅析

CO2地质储存是减少二氧化碳向大气环境排放、控制全球气候变暖的重要措施。本文对CO2地质储存的概念、地质储存的原理、介质类型进行了阐述,分析了国内外CO2地质储存研究现状,同时对我国CO2地质储存条件和可能存在的安全及环境风险进行分析,并对我国CO2地质储存未来的发展方向提出建议。     

黄河三角洲主要环境地质问题与可持续发展

黄河三角洲地区环境地质问题已成为生态环境质量下降的主要因素．主要是土壤盐碱化、地下水污染、海水入侵、地面沉降、海岸蚀退等问题．本文针对问题的类型、范围和危害．从可持续发展的视角．提出了解决这些问题的对等。     

应对气候变化的有效途径:二氧化碳捕集与封存

全球气候变暖问题日益严重,二氧化碳(CO2)捕集与封存(CCS)技术被看作是最有发展前景的解决该问题的技术之一。CCS技术主要包括三个环节:CO2捕集、运输和封存。本文首先介绍了CO2捕集技术,该技术按工艺主要分为燃烧前捕集、富氧燃烧捕集和燃烧后捕集。随后介绍了CO2封存技术,该技术根据封存地点不同可分为地质封存和海洋封存。在众多的CO2封存技术中,CO2强化采油(CO2-EOR)技术由于其较高的经济效益近年来得到广泛应用。虽然CCS技术发展很快,但仍存在很多问题,如CO2泄漏问题、资金投入大等。但是,随着各国政府越来越重视CCS技术的研究和开发,相信未来该技术在抵制全球气候变暖问题上会发挥重要的作用。     

CO_2地质封存与高放射性核废物地中处置的地质环境影响对比

高放核废物的地中处置(HLW)与CO2的捕集与封存(CCS)在环境问题方面有一定的相似性。文章从物理性质、封存机理、环境影响角度,就CO2和HLW地质处置的环境问题进行对比研究,旨在为CCS的环境风险管理提供思路。通过对比分析得出,泄漏的CO2在地层和空气中的扩散能力较强,对人体健康、水体质量等都有一定的影响,但危害程度比较浅,持续时间也比较短;而泄漏哪怕极少的核素,其放射性和毒性都会对人体健康和环境安全造成很严重的威胁。因此,同样剂量泄漏的背景下,CO2的环境影响没有HLW的环境影响严重,CO2地质封存可以从核废物地中处置的环境管理中借鉴经验。     

中国碳捕集、利用与封存技术研发与示范

碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)是一项新兴的、具有大规模减排潜力的技术,有望实现化石能源使用的CO2近零排放,被认为是进行温室气体深度减排最重要的技术路径之一.开展CCUS技术的研发和储备,将为中国未来温室气体减排提供一种重要的战略性技术选择,受到政府、企业和学术界的广泛关注.本文从CCUS技术产生和发展的背景出发,概括了该技术的特点及存在的主要同题,总结了当前中国CCUS技术政策,介绍了中国CCUS技术研发、试点示范、国际合作等的开展情况,并通过与欧美等发达国家CCUS技术发展与示范活动现状的对比,初步分析了中国CCUS技术发展方面存在的主要不足.为进一步推动我国CCUS技术的研发与示范,文章提出应加强国家层面的技术政策指导和宏观协调、引导资源有效配置;推动建设行业间的CCUS技术合作平台;重视CCUS来来技术应用软环境建设等有针对性的建议.     

中国环境立法评估：可持续发展与创新

中国环境立法正进入以填补立法空白和法律制度的完善、创新为基本目标的新阶段,本文从分析我国环境立法的主要特征入手,概述了我国环境法基本原则的完善与深化以及我国环境保护基本法律制度的发展状况,进而论述了如何在新的经济快速增长期更新环境法。     

论可持续发展的思想与概念

本文阐述了可持续发展思想的形成与发展,从哲学、伦理、生态学、科学技术、社会经济和人类社会发展规律揭示了可持续发展思想形成的深刻背景,并从“天-人”、“人-地”和“人-人”关系定义了可持续发展的概念。     

农业生态环境治理与可持续发展

我国是一个农业大国 ,由于长期的农业生产中忽视了对农业生态环境的保护 ,近年来 ,农业环境和农产品污染问题日趋严重 ,耕地环境质量不断下降 ,土地沙化形势十分严峻。农产品有毒有害物质残留问题突出 ,已成为制约农业和农村经济发展的重要因素。针对农业生态环境污染日益加剧的严峻形势 ,必须加大农业生态环境建设和保护力度 ,采取合理措施 ,在农业生产过程中降低化肥和农药的使用和环境造成的污染 ,推广清洁生产应当成为推动新世纪农业进步的发展新模式。与世界其它国家一样 ,合理利用资源和保护生态环境是农业可持续发展的基础。必须实施可持续发展战略 ,大力推广生态农业和生态农村建设 ,调整优化农业生产结构 ,从粗放型向集约型转变 ,以确保 2 1世纪我国农业的可持续发展。     

中国的可持续发展与绿色经济——2011中国可持续发展论坛主旨报告

2012年6月,联合国将在巴西召开"里约+20"峰会,回顾和评估过去20年全球的可持续发展,提出在新的历史阶段实现可持续发展的途径。在"里约+20"峰会即将来临之际,我们在这里举办中国可持续发展论坛,并把主题定为"全球格局下的中国绿色发展之路",目的也是为了总结和评估过去20年我国可持续发展的进展,进一步探讨新形势下实施可持续发展战略的新途径。在这里,我想利用这个机会谈两个方面     

Sustainable Development: The Need for a New Paradigm

At present, the term sustainable development is misleading because we actually live in a markedly unsustainable world and conditions will become even more unsustainable in the 21st century. Indeed, the 21st century will be the defining period in man's occupation of this planet. Either we take very positive steps to ameliorate our environmental excesses now or we face the prospect of major environmental catastrophes in the future. It is a fact that advanced civilizations have collapsed twice within the last 5000 years in Europe and we must face up to the fact that a third collapse, this time on a global scale, is not beyond the realms of possibility. It is therefore up to us to begin using our considerable ingenuity to prepare for the future in a more rational manner than is presently the case. This article demonstrates clearly the dilemma that we now face.     

Evolutionof Sustainable Carbon Cycling Processes in China

This report summarizes the surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by RCEES. The first part of this report deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historical evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. The second part covers the modeling of carbon dynamics, emission inventories of various carbon containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

Evolution of Sustainable Carbon Cycling Processes in China

Abstract

This report summarizes the surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by RCEES. The first part of this report deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historical evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. The second part covers the modeling of carbon dynamics, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

中国农民问题与可持续发展

作为中国现代化特有的一个基本属性,中国农民问题根本不是也不可能是“被解决”的。而只能在中国特色的现代化模式创制中“失去意义”。正是这种创制．使得中国农民问题的变化和转型有机会成为可持续发展是否可能的典型实验。其基本含义和特点,在于如何建设和维护人和地球共同构成的这个自组织系统运行的涵养机制,以及如何把握适度发展的分寸。     

社会环境道德价值观发展阶段与可持续发展

社会环境道德价值观是人们对人与自然环境道德关系的一种普遍的社会意识，它作为环境意识的核心内容，决定着人们的环境行为取向。当前我国社会环境道德价值观发展正处于从传统人类中心主义向现代人类中心主义的转变阶段。为实现我国可持续发展目标，社会环境道德价值观尚须由现代人类中心主义阶段向生存系统协调论阶段迈进。     

Sustainable Development and Strategic Thinking

From an economic point of view, the industrial economy is efficient to overcome situations of a scarcity of goods. From a technological point of view, the resource efficiency of the manufacturing processes of the industrial economy has been permanently improved during the last 200 years. In addition, cleaner processes have been developed. However, from an ecologic point of view, an increasing world population with increasing consumption has produced a ＂global footprint＂ which approaches the carrying capacity of the planet. A circular economy and its high-value spin-offs-a lake economy and a performance or functional service economy-can fulfil customers＇ needs with considerably less resource consumption, less environmental impairment in production and considerably less end-of-life product waste, especially in situations of affluence, when a considerable stock of physical goods and infrastructures exists. Also, in situations of a scarcity of natural resources, both energy and materials, often characterised by rapidly rising resource prices, the economic actors of a circular economy have a high competitive advantage over the actors of the industrial economy, due to much lower procurement costs for materials and energy. From a social point of view, a circular economy increases the number of skilled jobs in regional enterprises. However, the shift from a linear manufacturing economy to a circular or service economy means a change in economic thinking from flow （throughput） management to stock （asset） management： in a manufacturing economy with largely unsaturated markets, total wealth increases through accumulation as resource throughput （flow） is transformed into a higher stock of goods of better quality （but in a manufacturing economy with largely saturated markets, wealth represented by the stock of goods will no longer increase）; in a circular or service economy, total wealth increases through a smart management of existing physical assets （stock） that are adapted to changes in both technology and customer demand. This second approach not only applies to physical capital but equally to social capital, such as health and education and green GDP. To measure the social wealth of a population, it is not the amount of money spent on schools and hospitals that matters, butif this expenditure has led to a better education of the students, and a better health of the people.     

Planning Environmental Impact Assessment Orienting Sustainable Development: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

Strategic Environmental Assessment is a frontier subject in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment. In the past two decades, especially in recent years, much more importance has been attached to Strategic Environmental Assessment. The Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the P.R. China which was promulgated provides a great opportunity for the development of Planning Environmental Impact Assessment and brings great challenges for the development of traditional Project Environmental Impact Assessment and Planning Environmental Impact Assessment at the same time. In order to promote the implementation of “The EIA Law”, the inherent limitations of Project Environmental Impact Assessment must be identified sufficiently and the theory research and practice of Planning Environmental Impact Assessment should be strengthened as well. Measures should be taken currently to enforce the operation system. The authors wish to offer a few references to the progress and implementation of Planning Environmental Impact Assessment in China.     

环境-社会系统管理与可持续发展

提出以环境-社会系统管理推进可持续发展。就是要寓经济发展于生态化中。寓生态建设于经济化中．寓社会发展于生态和经济的协调发展之中．为“经济-社会-环境”系统建立一个健康、安全、和谐的可持续发展模式。     

Planning Environmental Impact Assessment Orienting Sustainable Development:Opportunities and Challenges

1 INTRODUCTION Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a useful and effective instrument for sustainable development. Most countries require instruction projects to carry out EIA. EIA of our country began at the end of the 1970s; Chinais one of the earliest countries that carried out Project EIA. Through the fulfillment of more than 20 years, this system has been improved gradually and is playing a significant role in facilitating the enterprise reasonable layout and optimal addres…     

Logic of Citizen Participation in Sustainable Development

Sustainable development, a concept which has been built with the sustainability of economic progression as a main thrust, has been a widely preferred model to traditional developmental models. However, the real meaning of what sustainable development is and should include has been an object of debate. On the one hand, differing from traditional economic developmental models, economic progress does not necessitate the practice of ‘sustainable development＇. On the other hand, current levels of science and technology are still unable to solve several problems that arise with economic development. Sustainable development has transferred the responsibility of environmental destruction to that of developing countries. Lastly, instead of utilizing the best technology and leadership into formulating excellent environmental-protection policies, it is more important to create widespread awareness to the public on the need to protect the environment and thereby engage their participation in decision-making to actually realize what is truly ‘sustainable development＇.