铁碳微电解-Fenton法预处理苯胺基乙腈生产废水

采用铁碳微电解-Fenton法对苯胺基乙腈生产废水进行预处理实验。通过静态实验确定铁碳微电解最佳条件为铁屑投加量300 g/L,Fe/C质量比为2∶3,反应75 min,不需要调节进水pH;Fenton反应最佳条件为铁碳微电解出水pH=4,30%H2O2投加量15 mL/L,在搅拌条件下反应60 min;然后沉淀反应时调节pH为9,混凝沉淀75 min。在上述条件下通过动态实验得到系统连续反应在48 h内废水的COD和苯胺去除率在50%和70%以上,可生化性BOD5/COD也保持在0.3以上,为后续生物处理创造了良好条件。     

焦炭和废铁屑微电解预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

研究表明,废铁屑和焦炭微电解是预处理垃圾渗滤液的一种有效方法,可去除垃圾渗滤液COD、色度和腐殖酸等污染物质,改善其可生化性、降低负荷,为后续生化处理创造良好的条件.通过静态正交实验确定废铁屑和焦炭最佳投加体积比为1∶3;最佳反应pH值为4;动态实验中,反应时间为1 h时,COD和色度去除率分别高达68%和91%;BOD/COD从0.3提高到0.5左右.     

焦炭和废铁屑微电解预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

研究表明,废铁屑和焦炭微电解是预处理垃圾渗滤液的一种有效方法,可去除垃圾渗滤液COD、色度和腐殖酸等污染物质,改善其可生化性、降低负荷,为后续生化处理创造良好的条件.通过静态正交实验确定废铁屑和焦炭最佳投加体积比为1∶3;最佳反应pH值为4;动态实验中,反应时间为1 h时,COD和色度去除率分别高达68%和91%;BOD/COD从0.3提高到0.5左右.     

Fe/C微电解-超声波/Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附处理仲丁灵农药废水

采用Fe/C微电解-超声波/Fenton氧化一活性炭吸附处理高色度、高COD、高盐分、高毒性的仲丁灵农药废水.试验结果表明:(1)Fe/C微电解处理仲丁灵农药废水的最佳条件:pH为4,铁屑投加量为0.5 mol/L,Fe与C摩尔比为2:1,反应时间为4h.(2)Fenton氧化的最佳条件:pH为4,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为0.03 mol/L,H2O2投加量为0.4 mol/L,反应时间为2 h.(3)在Fenton氧化的最佳条件下,超声波/Fenton氧化对COD去除率最高(平均约为80%).(4)当吸附时间为2 h、PH为6、活性炭投加量为20 g/L时.COD去除率可达90.5%.(5)采用Fe/C锻电解-超声波/Fenton氧化一活性炭吸附处理后,COD、色度均可达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)中的一级标准.     

铁炭微电解-Fe~（2＋）/K_2S_2O_8降解甲基橙

针对偶氮类有机物废水具有色度大,难降解的特点,以对二甲基氨基偶氮苯磺酸钠（甲基橙）为模拟研究对象,对水体系中铁炭微电解-Fe2＋/K2S2O8降解甲基橙的方法进行了研究。通过正交实验确定出该方法各因素的影响程度,进一步通过单因素影响实验确定该方法的最佳条件是：铁炭微电解填料、FeSO4和K2S2O8投加量分别为300 g/L、1.3mmol/L和0.7 mmol/L,初始pH值为7.0。在最佳条件下,甲基橙COD和色度去除率分别能达到64.7%和68.2%。     

铁碳微电解-混凝对印染废水二级生化出水的深度处理

针对印染废水二级生化出水水质难降解且难以达标的现状,研究在不调节p H的前提下,采用铁碳微电解混凝工艺进行处理研究。通过单因素实验确定最优条件范围,建立响应面(response surface methods,RSM)分析实验,确定铁碳微电解的最佳工艺条件为:Fe的投量为72.1 g/L、m(C)∶m(Fe)为2.98∶1、水力停留时间(HRT)为2.6 h。最佳混凝条件为:Al2(SO4)3投量为100 mg/L、混凝沉淀时间为30 min。实验结果表明,在上述最优工艺条件下对该废水进行深度处理,对COD的去除率能达到50%以上,出水COD低至46.1 mg/L,达到提标后的《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》新标准(COD≤60 mg/L),其药剂处理成本为每吨印染废水0.355元左右,该法技术可行、经济合理。     

铁屑粉煤灰组合处理含磷废水

实验研究了铁屑粉煤灰组合处理含磷废水的除磷效果.通过单因素实验,考查了铁屑粉煤灰质量比、反应时间、pH值和投加量对除磷效果的影响.实验结果表明,该法除磷的最优条件为铁屑和粉煤灰的质量比为2∶1,反应时间为20 min,pH值为6,投加量为20 g/L.在最优实验条件下磷的去除率达到了97.5％.对比了该法和粉煤灰吸附法与传统铁屑法的除磷效果.与单一粉煤灰吸附法和传统铁屑法除磷的结果相比较,铁屑粉煤灰组合除磷的方法具有明显优势.     

铁炭微电解-Fe2+/K2S2O8降解甲基橙

针对偶氮类有机物废水具有色度大,难降解的特点,以对二甲基氨基偶氮苯磺酸钠(甲基橙)为模拟研究对象,对水体系中铁炭微电解-Fe2+/K2S2O8降解甲基橙的方法进行了研究。通过正交实验确定出该方法各因素的影响程度,进一步通过单因素影响实验确定该方法的最佳条件是:铁炭微电解填料、FeSO4和K2S2O8投加量分别为300 g/L、1.3mmol/L和0.7 mmol/L,初始pH值为7.0。在最佳条件下,甲基橙COD和色度去除率分别能达到64.7%和68.2%。     

零价铁Fenton技术处理含聚乙烯醇的印染退浆废水

采用零价铁Fenton技术处理含聚乙烯醇(PVA)的印染退浆废水。通过单因素实验和正交实验,考察了初始pH、H2O2投加量、铁屑粒径及投加量和反应时间对实验结果的影响。结果表明,初始pH和H2O2投加量对处理效果影响很大。最佳反应条件是初始pH=4.0,H2O2投加量为100mmol/L,铁屑(粒径为1~3mm)投加量为15g/L,反应时间为30min。在该条件下,出水PVA质量浓度为0.9mg/L,PVA去除率为99.9%,COD去除率为23.6%,BOD5/COD由0.12升高至0.34,可生化性明显提高。无论从处理效果考虑还是从成本考虑,零价铁Fenton技术都优于传统Fenton技术。     

微电解-混凝法处理抛光液废水

采用微电解-混凝处理抛光液废水,考察了铁水比、进水pH值、铁炭比、振荡时间对微电解处理效果的影响.通过单因素实验与正交实验找出了影响较大的因素,进水pH、铁水比、振荡时间都对去除率影响较大.最佳微电解条件为铁水比为0.375,进水pH为3,铁炭比为1∶1,振荡时间为150 min.同时,当混凝剂硫酸亚铁的投加量为160 mg/L、三氯化铁的投加量为20 mg/L时,COD去除率可达到83.8％,金属铜离子去除率可达到96％.     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.