Monitoring the Hydrology of Canadian Prairie Wetlands to Detect the Effects of Climate Change and Land Use Changes

There are millions of small isolatedwetlands in the semi-arid Canadian prairies. These`sloughs' are refuges for wildlife in an area that isotherwise intensively used for agriculture. They areparticularly important as waterfowl habitat, with morethan half of all North American ducks nesting inprairie sloughs. The water levels and ecology of thewetlands are sensitive to atmospheric change and tochanges of agricultural practices in the surroundingfields. Monitoring of the hydrological conditions ofthe wetlands across the region is vital for detectinglong-term trends and for studying the processes thatcontrol the water balance of the wetlands. Suchmonitoring therefore requires extensive regional-scaledata complemented by intensive measurements at a fewlocations. At present, wetlands are being enumeratedacross the region once each year and year-roundmonitoring is being carried out at a few locations. Theregional-scale data can be statistically related toregional climate data, but such analyses cast littlelight on the hydrological processes and have limitedpredictive value when climate and land use arechanging. The intensive monitoring network has providedimportant insights but it now needs to be expanded andrevised to meet new questions concerning the effects ofclimate change and land use.     

提升综合分析服务环境管理水平的要素分析

环境质量综合分析是环境监测为环境管理提供技术支持的最重要途径,综合分析应具备信息准确、报送及时、重点突出、透彻有力4个要素.其中,信息准确要素分成数据、评价手段和结论准确3个层次;报送及时要素包含主动服务、捕捉信息、突破创新3类意识;重点突出要素是要求分析报告突出重点和横向比较;透彻有力要素是强调环境质量应与经济社会外...     

环境监测业务管理系统建设实践

简述了建设实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的意义,介绍了南京市环境监测中心站基于LIMS平台建设的监测业务管理系统,分析了环境监测实验室在LIMS项目实施过程中需要把握的关键步骤以及实验室岗位配置和流程调整。     

Long Term Fire Scar Monitoring with Remote Sensing in Northern Namibia: Relations Between Fire Frequency, Rainfall, Land Cover, Fire Management and Trees

A cost-effective method was developed to map fire scars on Quicklooks of Landat TM imagery. The method was compared with a full resolution Landsat image using visual interpretation and supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood procedure, resulting in a high degree of agreement between methods. A long time series of fire scars was developed using all available Landsat Quicklooks between 1989 and 2001 for an area of 63000 sq km in north-east Namibia. Between 27 and 51% of the study area burned annually, while only 10% of the area did not burn between 1989 and 2001. Not-burned areas were mainly settled areas and permanent wetlands. 33% of the area burned between 5 and 7 times during the 13 years indicating a high frequency overall. Rainfall and livestock had little influence on burned areas. In 1996 formal fire management started in a portion of the study area consisting of building firebreaks and holding awareness programs. A comparison of burned areas before and after the intervention started allowed evaluating its effectiveness. The area where the formal fire management program was undertaken showed a significant decrease in burned area. It is suggested that awareness campaigns rather than firebreaks contributed to this decrease. Selected tree population data were compared with fire frequencies. Differences in tree occurrence, regeneration, and stem diameter distributions between low and high fire frequencies could be detected and explained with known responses of the species to fire. This suggests that the observed time series is representative of a long-term fire regime in the area.     

浅谈县级环境监测质量管理工作现状及对策

当前环保系统垂直改革稳步推进,县级环境监测质量管理工作也迎来新的机遇与挑战。从县级环境监测站质量管理工作现状着手,分析新形势下存在质量管理体系有效性缺乏、现场监测过程质量管理薄弱、质量管理意识尚待提高等问题。提出,应从加强体系建设、提高现场监测水平、强化考核培训力度等方面改进县级环境监测质量管理工作水平。     

水质参数的遥感反演和遥感监测

遥感技术由于具有快速、宏观、低成本和周期性的优点,便于探测水质的时空变化,已成为水质参数监测的重要手段。目前能够直接进行遥感反演的水质参数主要是悬浮物浓度、叶绿素a浓度、可溶解性有机物等光学活性物质,并已经建立了许多反演模型。但是这些模型直接用于水质的遥感监测仍存在一些问题。今后,利用3S技术将地面观测和遥感观测结合起来,可望推动水色遥感的实际应用。     

环境监测点位“组合校验码”编码模型及编码管理系统设计

分析了环境监测点位编码管理中存在的问题,提出科学合理的编码应该是具有科学性、唯一性、稳定性、简明性、规范性、可扩展性等特点。设计了一种简单"组合校验码"模型来适应不同环境要素类型的环境监测工作需要。同时,设计了一套覆盖各层级环境监测机构,各种环境要素类型,适应市场化监测服务,满足不同点位管控类别的编码管理系统来支撑"组合校验码"模型的使用,通过该系统可以有效解决环境监测数据集成程度低、共享困难等问题。     

污染源自动监控设施监督管理的探

就《污染源自动监控设施运行管理办法》的基本内容和对运行单位的基本要求,以及环境监察、环境监测和环保局如何正确履行各自监督管理职能等方面进行探析。     

基层环境监测站业务风险管理现状与对策

简述了基层环境监测业务风险管理现状及存在的问题,对业务风险管理的认识程度不高,业务风险管理的系统性不强,缺少环境监测业务风险管理指导性文件。提出,应树立正确的环境监测业务风险理念,建立环境监测业务风险管理组织机构,健全与监测工作紧密结合的业务风险管理体系,优先监控风险高的环境监测工作,大力培养风险管理人才。     

卫星影像和高程数据在农村环境质量试点监测中的应用

大量长期地使用农用塑料薄膜,导致邻苯二甲酸酯类的监测结果出现超标。邻苯二甲酸酯类的污染形势不容乐观。结合桂林市农村环境质量试点监测工作,参考全国生态环境监测与评价工作的技术方法,利用高分辨率卫星遥感影像对试点监测村进行了农膜覆盖面积的统计。针对桂林市的丘陵地貌特征,利用高程数据对统计结果进行修正,提高了农膜覆盖面积统计的准确度。同时还对试点监测村周边区域的农膜覆盖情况进行了粗略统计和分析,确定了将来的重点调查目标区域,为将来深入调查邻苯二甲酸酯类污染状况、制定防治方案提供了一定的参考。     

Multi-Criteria and Multi-Perspective Analysis of Contaminated Land Management Methods

Errors in environmental resource management over the years have created pollution problems in some areas which are difficult to handle, regardless of the development of knowledge and technologies. This is particularly true in the case of soil pollution. The negative effects of persistent pollutants have been observed for a long time. For instance, lead and cadmium remain in the soil for centuries, during which time they are absorbed by plants and simultaneously cause secondary air pollution. The authors made an attempt to describe and assess the possible options of dealing with the problem of contaminated land in Katowice District. Considering the necessity of a multilateral approach, a pairwise comparison technique has been chosen as the most suitable to show the complexity of the problem. The different variants of actions aimed at preventing the pollutants from getting into the food chain were analyzed against a set of criteria, consisting of the following issues: time, cost, effectiveness, social acceptance, feasibility. The relative importance of actions were judged by the team of experts using the Saaty method. Also, a two-perspective assessment (the two different stakeholders), which involves considering the perspective of an owner of a piece of contaminated land and an ecologist has been performed. The results of comparative, multicriteria and multi-perspective assessment indicate the following:- the best method for contaminated agricultural land management is willful and controlled cultivation,- other recommended actions are deep ploughing and phytoremediation,- there is not much acceptance for the other methods.     

浙江省环境检测市场化管理探索与实践

社会环境检测力量是我国环境监测工作重要而有益的补充,阐述了浙江省环境检测市场化调研结果及存在问题,总结了浙江省在推进"行业自律"和"两个自愿"为原则的市场化检测能力评估工作的实践,旨在为各地开展环境检测市场化管理提供参考。     

A pilot project to detect and forecast harmful algal blooms in the northern Gulf of Mexico

More timely access to data and information on the initiation, evolution and effects of harmful algal blooms can reduce adverse impacts on valued natural resources and human health. To achieve this in the northern Gulf of Mexico, a pilot project was initiated to develop a user-driven, end-to-end (measurements to applications) observing system. A key strategy of the project is to coordinate existing state, federal and academic programs at an unprecedented level of collaboration and partnership. Resource managers charged with protection of public health and aquatic resources require immediate notice of algal events and a forecast of when, where and what adverse effects will likely occur. Further, managers require integrated analyses and interpretations, rather than raw data, to make effective decisions. Consequently, a functional observing system must collect and transform diverse measurements into usable forecasts. Data needed to support development of forecasts will include such properties as sea surface temperature, winds, currents and waves; precipitation and freshwater flows with related discharges of sediment and nutrients; salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll concentrations (in vivo fluorescence); and remotely-sensed spatial images of sea surface chlorophyll concentrations. These data will be provided via a mixture of discrete and autonomous in situ sensing with near real-time data telemetry, and remote sensing from space (SeaWiFS), aircraft (hyperspectral imagery) or land (high-frequency radar). With calibration across these platforms, the project will ultimately provide a 4-dimensional visualization of harmful algae events in a time frame suitable to resource managers.     

多场所实验室环境监测质量管理体系的构建与实践

在事业单位机构改革过程中,部分事业单位的法人资格被重组到上一级机构,而不再具有独立法人资格,其原有的CMA检验检测资质不复存在。撤并以后的环境监测机构各项业务如何融合开展,资质认定如何管理,多个实验室场所质量管理体系如何构建,是当前一些检验检测机构亟待解决的普遍性问题。为此,该研究在优化多场所实验室质量管理体系,制定科学、合理、全面、具备开放性和可拓展的多场所实验室质量管理体系文件方面进行了积极探索。以江西省生态环境监测中心“1+11”多场所实验室质量管理为例,结合江西省环境监测机构改革现状,兼顾资质认定有关法律法规要求,就环境监测多场所实验室提出了一套系统性的质量管理体系构建模式,希望为多场所检验检测机构的质量管理提供借鉴。     

广东省智慧生态环境监测管理体系建设思路与探索

生态环境监测管理制度改革对省级生态环境监测机构的管理能力提出更高要求,在数字化发展战略背景下,推动生态环境监测数字化建设是促进监测能力现代化的必由之路.以广东省为例,从生态环境监测管理需求出发,分析改革面临的难点和问题,提出了构建智慧生态环境监测管理体系的思路.以监测业务为主线,串联全省监测人、财、物、事的管理,利用数...     

浅析美国和澳大利亚及新加坡道路交通噪声管理与监测

简要介绍了美国、澳大利亚及新加坡在道路交通噪声控制管理与监测技术方面的现状,分析了其经验和特点,结合我国道路交通噪声监测与评价现状提出了相应的建议。     

建立和完善环境监测人员职业安全管理体系

研究了当前环境监测人员面临的职业安全风险以及当前环境监测人员职业安全管理方面存在的问题,并提出一套较为可行的环境监测人员职业安全管理体系框架,包括完善环境监测人员职业安全管理制度文件的制定、完善环境监测人员职业安全管理技术文件的编制、构建和完善政府相关职能部门及社会环境监测机构环境监测人员职业安全内部管理机制、构建和完...     

建立土壤监测分析质量管理及评估体系的探讨

针对目前土壤监测分析方法、质控要求不统一的现状,从空白试验、标准曲线、精密度、准确度等方面,分析了在实际应用中存在的问题,提出构建统一的土壤环境监测质量管理体系和评估技术体系的建议,从而实现土壤环境质量监测分析活动的全要素溯源传递、全过程质量控制及技术评估,保障土壤监测数据的科学性、准确性和可比性,与新的管理要求相匹配。     

太湖蓝藻水华时空分布与预警监测响应的分析

选择2007和2008年200幅EOS/MODIS太湖蓝藻监测遥感影像,统计分析了梅梁湾、竺山湾宜兴段、贡湖湾、东太湖胥口湾和湖州方向湖体蓝藻水华爆发的空间和时间分布规律。并在得出全太湖蓝藻水华空间和时间分布规律的基础上,从环境监测部门蓝藻预警监测工作的实际出发,将蓝藻水华预警监测的响应划分为常规监测和应急监测,提出了具体的监测要求,为环太湖地区的相关部门更好地开展蓝藻预警监测工作提供了科学依据。     

光污染管理政策与LED广告屏干扰光限制标准分析

在调研国外光污染管理政策的基础上,分析了中国光污染管理政策现状,参照现行监测技术规范,开展LED广告屏光污染测量和标准限值比较。测量结果表明:中国城市LED广告屏屏幕亮度超标严重,除了亮度外,亮度变化幅度是影响周围光环境舒适度的重要因素,白色等明亮颜色是导致居民区照度升高的重要色调。标准限值比较发现,为更好地保护光环境,应严格限制LED广告屏亮度排放值,推荐采用亮度最大值作为评价指标。