高级氧化法脱除PVA浆料的清洁生产新工艺研究

为了研究高级氧化法脱除聚乙烯醇（PVA）浆料清洁生产新工艺的可行性，研究了3种高级氧化法UV／H2O2、UV／TiO2、Nation-Fe^2＋／H2O2对含PVA溶液的氧化降解，其降解效果依次为iUV／H2O2〉Nation-Fe^2＋／H2O2〉UV／TiO2。对于UV／H2O2法，PVA降解速率与H2O2的初始浓度成正相关，且H2O2浓度为2．95mmol／L时14min内就能使PVA的去除率达到98％；pH和温度对PVA的氧化降解效果影响不明显。在此基础上，对建立在高级氧化法基础上的退浆新工艺进行了探讨，结果表明，在65℃和75℃下，高级氧化法条件下的纯棉织物PVA退浆率分别达到70．16％和95．65％；该法不仅可以促进PVA从纯棉织物上的脱附，而且可以达到对PVA的较高降解效果，使得所排退浆废水的生化处理难度明显降低。     

无机盐离子对负载型催化剂Co3O4/GO降解PVA废水的影响

以氧化石墨烯(GO)作为Co3O4的载体,制备出应用于基于硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术的负载型催化剂复合物——Co3O4/GO,采用XRD、FT-IR、Raman、EDS和SEM表征测试,并考察了无机盐离子(Cl-、HCO3-、H2PO4-和NO3-)对催化降解PVA的影响。结果表明,Co3O4已成功负载到GO上;负载型催化剂Co3O4/GO具有很高的催化活性;不同无机盐离子对催化降解反应的影响不同。本研究内容将对实际PVA废水处理过程起到借鉴和指导作用。     

UV/Fenton氧化处理PVA溶液

为了对PVA(聚乙烯醇)溶液中PVA去除进行研究,采用UV/Fenton氧化技术氧化处理PVA溶液。探究了UV/Fenton氧化PVA溶液的影响因素,主要研究了反应时间、初始pH、H2O2/COD和H2O2/Fe2+,获得了各个因素对PVA溶液COD去除率的影响规律以及PVA溶液经处理后的B/C(BOD5/COD)变化规律。实验表明,随着H2O2/COD投加比的增加,COD去除率不断增加,B/C呈现先增加后减少的现象;随初始pH的增加,COD去除率以及B/C均呈现先增加后减少的现象;随着H2O2/Fe2+不断增加,COD去除率以及B/C均呈现先增加后减少的现象;随反应时间的增加,COD去除率以及B/C均增加之后趋于稳定。当H2O2/COD=1.5,pH=4,H2O2/Fe2+物质的量之比为10,T=30 min时COD去除率效果比较好,经过处理之后溶液的 B/C由0.1 增至0.6,可生化性提高,为后续生物处理创造条件。     

高级氧化技术在水处理中的研究与应用

高级氧化技术是当今水处理领域的研究热点之一,因此详细综述了近些年来的化学氧化、光催化氧化、湿式氧化、超临界水氧化等高级氧化技术在水处理领域中的研究和应用情况。     

一种新兴的高级氧化技术——超临界水氧化法

超临界水氧化法在处理废水方面具有独特的优势。从超临界水的性质，超临界水氧化法原理、工艺、应用和优越性等方面阐述了超临界水氧化法作为一种新兴的高级氧化技术具有广阔的应用前景，并且提出了解决现存问题的建议。     

滩涂石油污染高级氧化修复技术

在模拟原沉积物弱碱性及含水率的条件下,分别研究了2种高级氧化反应体系:H2O2辅助加入催化剂FeSO4或Fe2(SO4)3及Na2S2O8辅助加入催化剂FeSO4或CaO及热催化对污染滩涂沉积物中石油烃的去除效果及其影响因素。同时,还模拟研究了长江口潮汐作用对滩涂石油污染修复效果的影响。研究表明:H2O2与样品的质量投加比为0.05,FeSO4和Fe2(SO4)3与H2O2摩尔投加比均为0.1时,石油烃去除率分别达到48.9%和57.4%;Na2S2O8本身氧化能力较强,单一Na2S2O8与样品的质量比大于0.01时,石油烃去除率达到46%以上;而在Na2S2O8最佳投加比条件下,FeSO4、CaO与Na2S2O8摩尔比为0.05和0.9时,去除率分别达到60.4%和51.3%以上,同时最佳催化温度为50 ℃。潮汐作用对芬顿试剂氧化修复滩涂石油污染具有促进作用,而高浓度污染滩涂区域建议采用阻隔修复。     

高级氧化污泥深度脱水技术研究进展

污泥脱水是污泥处理中的一个重要环节,可以减少污泥容量,削减污泥运输和最终处置费用。基于目前污泥处理中污泥脱水的现状,综述了几种高级氧化法对污泥深度脱水的研究进展,包括臭氧氧化法,Fenton、类Fenton氧化法和过硫酸盐氧化法;并展望了污泥脱水技术的发展与应用前景,以期为高级氧化技术在污泥深度脱水理论研究及工程应用提供技术参考。     

高级氧化技术降解水中有机磷农药的研究进展

综述了近年来发展迅速的高级氧化技术,主要包括臭氧高级氧化技术、光催化氧化法、超声降解法、电化学水处理技术和超临界水氧化法等.结合有机磷农药废水处理方法的进展,介绍了各种高级氧化技术在机理研究和应用方面取得的成果和存在的问题,并指出了高级氧化技术在有机废水处理方面所具有的潜力.     

光催化高级氧化与无机陶瓷膜分离技术耦合的研究

近年来,光催化高级氧化技术在深度水处理中已引起广泛关注.悬浮式光催化反应器作为一种高效光催化反应器,传质效果好、光利用率高,但光催化剂尤其是纳米光催化剂从悬浮液中的分离回收成为光催化高级氧化技术应用的难题.引入无机陶瓷膜分离技术来解决这一难题,设计了工艺流程,搭建了耦合装置并优化了工艺参数.该耦合系统在光催化高级氧化降解甲基橙(降解率达到99.1％以上)后能实现光催化剂的高效分离回收再利用,对光催化剂能达到99％以上的截留率.同时,研究更廉价、阻力降更小的膜材料及新型可见光响应光催化剂成为该技术发展的关键.     

高级氧化技术在含酚废水处理中的应用

合理高效地处理含酚废水是工业废水处理的主要任务之一。重点介绍了高级氧化技术 ,如超声波氧化、超临界水氧化、湿式氧化和光催化氧化等在含酚废水处理中的研究近况和应用前景 ,探讨了各种技术的应用和发展趋势     

基于硫酸根自由基的高级氧化对头孢氨苄的降解特性

采用高级氧化(advanced oxidation processes, AOPs)技术去除水体中的头孢类抗生素。选取头孢类抗生素中的典型物质头孢氨苄(CFX)为研究对象,探讨了其在UV/过硫酸盐(UV/PS)体系中的降解特性。结果表明,pH=7.0时,UV/PS体系中SO4-·和·OH均对CFX有降解作用,且其与CFX反应的二阶速率常数分别为9.8±0.4×109L?(mol?s)-1、1.05±0.7×1010L?(mol?s)-1。PS投加量的增加可加速CFX的降解和矿化,且酸性条件可促进CFX降解。水体基质Cl-的存在对CFX的降解起到了低浓度抑制高浓度促进的作用,HCO3-和自然有机质(NOM)的存在对CFX的降解稍有抑制。在实际水样中的应用研究表明,UV/PS体系可以有效降解和矿化实际地表水样(SW)和实际废水样(WW)中的CFX,具有较好的应用前景。     

紫外线-氯联合高级氧化体系降解水中的萘普生

采用高级氧化(advanced oxidation processes, AOPs)技术去除水体中的药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)污染物,选取PPCPs中的典型物质萘普生(NPX)为研究对象,探讨了其在UV/氯体系中的降解特性。结果表明：在UV/氯体系中,NPX的降解遵循拟一级动力学模型。氯剂量越高,溶液pH越低,越有利于NPX的降解;不同水基质种类对UV/氯工艺降解NPX的效果有不同影响,HCO3-和HA的存在抑制了NPX的降解,而Cl-的存在明显促进了NPX的降解。UV/氯工艺是一种行之有效的处理PPCPs的技术,但与直接氯氧化相比,UV/氯工艺会有生成更多消毒副产物的风险,需要在实际应用中加以注意。     

聚乙烯醇在超临界水氧化中降解

以H2O2为氧化剂用间歇式超临界水氧化装置对聚乙烯醇(PVA)废水进行降解研究。通过正交实验,考察了反应温度、压力、时间及氧化剂过氧倍数对降解效果的影响,并且采用GC/MS对液相降解产物进行表征推测其可能降解途径。结果表明:PVA在SCWO体系中能完全降解,反应温度440℃、压力28 MPa、氧化剂过氧倍数4、反应40 min时,COD去除率为99.03%,出水COD=89.09 mg/L。PVA在SCWO体系中降解为烯烃、烯酮、醇和羧酸类中间产物、最终降解为小分子的饱和直链烷烃类液相产物。     

Degradation of atrazine using solar driven fenton-like advanced oxidation processes

Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) was degraded using cobalt-peroximonosulfate (Co/PMS) advanced oxidation process (AOP). Three Co concentrations (0.00, 0.25 and 0.50 mM) and five peroximonosulfate (PMS) concentrations (0, 5, 8, 16 and 32 mM) were tested. Maximum degradation reached was 88% using dark Co/PMS in 126 minutes when 0.25 mM of cobalt and 32 mM of PMS were used. Complete atrazine degradation was achieved when the samples were irradiated by the sun under the same experimental conditions described. Tests for identification of intermediate products allowed identification and quantification of deethylatrazine in both dark and radiated conditions. Kinetic data for both processes was calculated fitting a pseudo-first order reaction rate approach to the experimental data. Having kinetic parameters enabled comparison between both conditions. It was found that the kinetic approach describes data behavior appropriately (R² ≥ 0.95). Pseudo-kinetic constants determined for both Co/PMS processes, show k value of 10^?4 for Co/PMS and a k value of 10^?3 for Co/PMS/ultraviolet (UV). This means, that, with the same Co/PMS concentrations, UV light increases the reaction rate by around one order of magnitude than performing the reaction under dark conditions.     

Decolourization and removal of some organic compounds from olive mill wastewater by advanced oxidation processes and lime treatment

Background Olive mill wastewater (OMW) generated by the olive oil extracting industry is a major pollutant, because of its high organic load and phytotoxic and antibacterial phenolic compounds which resist biological degradation. Mediterranean countries are mostly affected by this serious environmental problem since they are responsible for 95% of the worldwide oliveoil production. There are many methods used for OMW treatment, such as adsorption, electro coagulation, electro-oxidation, biological degradation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), chemical coagulation, flocculation, filtration, lagoons of evaporation and burning systems, etc. Currently, there is no such economical and easy solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of decolourization and removal of phenol, lignin, TOC and TIC in OMW by UV/H₂O₂ (AOPs). The operating parameters, such as hydrogen peroxide dosage, times, pH, effect of UV and natural sunlight were determined to find the suitable operating conditions for the best removal. Moreover, there is no study reported in the literature related to the use of UV/H₂O₂ and lime together in OMW treatment. Methods OMW was obtained from an olive-oil producing plant (Muğla area of Turkey) which uses a modern production process. No chemical additives are used during olive oil production. This study was realised by using two different UV sources, while taking the time and energy consumption into consideration. These two sources were mercury lamps and natural sunlight. Before starting AOPs experiments, one litre of OMW was treated by adding lime until a pH of 7.00. Then, 100 ml was taken from each sample, and 1 to 10 ml of a 30% H₂O₂ (Riedel-deHaen) solution was added. These solutions in closed vessels were laid in the natural sunlight for a week and their compositions and colour changes were analysed daily by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. At the end of the one-week period, they were treated with lime. In this study, the effect of changes in the initial pH, times and H₂O₂ concentrations on removal was investigated. At the end of all experiments, changes in colour, phenol, lignin, TOC and TIC concentrations were analysed according to standard methods. Results and Discussion In the samples exposed to natural sunlight and having an H₂O₂/OMW ratio of 3 ml/100 ml, a significant colour removal was achieved approximately 90% of the time at the end of 7 days. When the same samples were treated with lime (pH: up to 7), 99% efficiency was achieved. When phenol and lignin removals were examined in the same concentration, phenol and lignin removal were found 99.5%, 35%, respectively. However, for maximum lignin removal, more use of H₂O₂ (10 ml H₂O₂/100 ml OMW) was found to be necessary. Under these conditions, it was found that lignin can be removed by 70%, but to 90% with lime, at the end of a seven-day period. Rate constants obtained in the experiments performed with direct UV were found to be much higher than those of the samples exposed to natural sunlight (k^a _lignin = 0.3883 ≫ k^b _lignin = 0.0078; k^a _phenol = 0.5187 ≫ k^b _phenol = 0.0146). Moreover, it should be remembered in this process that energy consumption may induce extra financial burden for organisations. Conclusions It was found, in general, that colour, lignin, total organic carbon and phenol were removed more efficiently from OMW by using H₂O₂ UV and lime OMW. Moreover, in the study, lime was found to contribute, both initially and after radical reactions, to the efficiency to a great extent. Recommendations and Perspectives Another result obtained from the study is that pre-purification carried out with hydrogen peroxide and lime may constitute an important step for further purification processes such as adsorption, membrane processes, etc.     

混合菌降解模拟聚乙烯醇(PVA)废水性能研究

从纺织废水污泥中筛选出了具有PVA降解能力的混合菌B07.通过正交实验得出其降解PVA的最佳条件:温度为35℃,pH为7,氮源为牛肉膏.在此条件下,B07对PVA1799模拟废水处理96 h时COD的去除率达64%.同时考察了PVA聚合度和醇解度对其降解性能的影响,结果表明,PVA聚合度越大,醇解度越高,其降解效率越差...     

PVDF/PVA改性超滤膜抗污染特性的微观作用力评价分析

使用动态过滤法对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜进行改性,得到PVDF/聚乙烯醇(PVA)改性膜。系统考察了改性前后PVDF超滤膜表面的微观结构变化,使用原子力显微镜结合自制的—COOH、—OH官能团探针,定量测定了改性前后超滤膜与官能团之间的作用力变化特点,并进行了富含—OH、—COOH官能团的典型有机物海藻酸钠(SA)及腐殖酸(HA)的膜污染实验。结果表明,与PVDF基膜相比,PVDF/PVA改性膜表面粗糙度增大,接触角有效降低;—COOH、—OH官能团与PVDF/PVA改性膜之间的作用力远远小于—COOH、—OH官能团与PVDF之间的作用力。在相同的膜污染运行时间内,改性膜的通量衰减速率及衰减幅度皆小于相应PVDF膜的通量衰减速率及衰减幅度。说明改性膜有效降低了膜-污染物之间相互作用力,提高了膜的抗污染能力,微观作用力评价方法可利用于揭示膜污染本质。     

普通过磷酸钙清洁生产工艺的研究与应用

通过实现氟硅酸循环利用 ,用含氟硅胶生产白炭黑 ,基本消除普钙生产中含氟污染物的排放 ,且有较好的经济效益。     

碱性破乳-Fenton氧化工艺预处理三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)生产废水

三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯（TAIC）作为一种性质稳定难于生化降解的化合物而危害环境,其生产废水不容易被电化学、高级氧化或吸附方法得以高效处理。采用一种简易高效的碱性破乳法结合Fenton氧化工艺来处理TAIC生产废水,并考察了碱性破乳中的反应温度和pH值以及Fenton氧化中的H2O2投加量、n（H2O2）/n（Fe2+）、反应时间和反应pH值对处理效果的影响。结果表明：在最佳的碱性破乳条件（反应温度为60℃,pH值为12）下,COD去除率可以达到46.4%以上,TAIC去除率可以达到70.3%以上,同时可以使浊度和盐度大幅度降低;在最佳的Fenton氧化条件（H2O2投加量为7 g L-1,n（H2O2）/n（Fe2+）为3：1,反应时间为40 min,初始pH值为3.5）下,COD去除率可以达到49.6%,B/C比提高到了0.36。碱性破乳法可以使TAIC直接从水中大量析出,是一种绿色环保的清洁工艺。该组合工艺可以有效地削减后续进入生化反应的负荷。