油气田开采钻井岩屑分类利用处置现状及环境管理

油气开采过程会产生大量水基钻屑和少量油基钻屑。当前,油气田钻井岩屑大多采用不落地处理工艺进行初步收集处理。钻井岩屑通常具有较高的pH、盐离子浓度、COD和含油量（油基钻屑）等,其合理处理处置是油气田绿色发展面临的一大难题。对比分析了国内外钻井岩屑的环境管理现状,系统梳理了我国钻屑环境管理方面存在的问题。同时,基于钻井岩屑污染特性综述了其后续资源化与无害化技术的研究和应用现状,并分析了各技术优缺点和处理效果。最后,对我国钻屑利用与处置提出了“建立水基钻屑分级分类管理制度、完善钻屑利用处置过程环境管理体系和加强钻屑源头减量和末端利用”的对策建议。

     

我国环境监测仪器向规范化方向发展刍议

从我国环境监测事业发展和建立社会主义市场经济体制的需要，论述了加速我国环境监测仪器规范化的必要和可行性，并阐述了具体实施意见。     

进出料频率对牛粪两相厌氧发酵特性的影响

以牛粪为发酵原料,在中温(35±2)℃的条件下,采用自行设计的两相厌氧发酵中试装置,在水力停留时间确定的前提下,酸化原料分别以每天、间隔1 d和间隔2 d 3种不同进出料频率加入产甲烷罐,观察挥发性固体(VS)产气率和甲烷含量的变化情况。实验结果表明:保持产酸相与产甲烷相水力停留时间(HRT)分别为3 d和17 d,每天进出料产气效果最佳,原料VS产气率和甲烷含量最大值分别为0.29 m3/(kg·VS)和58.36%。     

罕见冬季降雨中人工增雨微物理过程分析研究

用Micaps实时资料、CPAS卫星反演分析资料、NCEP再分析资料、ECMWF再分析资料,多普勒雷达PUP产品资料,对2015年12月1日夜间至2日凌晨沈阳地区罕见冬季降雨过程,进行了天气学分析、及大气微物理人工增雨作业条件分析,并结合沈阳地区人工增雨作业指标,得出本次降雨过程在厄尔尼诺正在发生的背景下,为常见的高空槽转东北冷涡型,水汽、动力等微物理作业条件也适合于开展人工增雨作业,并给出了相应的作业指导参数,为沈阳地区今后在冬季降雨天气过程中开展人工增雨作业积累了宝贵经验.     

Highly efficient and selective removal of phosphate from wastewater of sea cucumber aquaculture for microalgae culture using a new adsorption-membrane separation-coordinated strategy

● A new adsorption-membrane separation strategy is used for phosphate removal. ● PVC/Zr-BT shows a selective adsorption ability to low-concentration phosphate. ● Low concentration of P below 0.05 mg/L was achieved in actual wastewater treatment. ● Algal biomass production served as a demonstration of phosphorus recycling. Enhanced phosphorus treatment and recovery has been continuously pursued due to the stringent wastewater discharge regulations and a phosphate supply shortage. Here, a new adsorption-membrane separation strategy was developed for rational reutilization of phosphate from sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater using a Zr-modified-bentonite filled polyvinyl chloride membrane. The as-obtained polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane was highly permeability (940 L/(m²·h)), 1–2 times higher than those reported in other studies, and its adsorption capacity was high (20.6 mg/g) when the phosphate concentration in water was low (5 mg/L). It remained stable under various conditions, such as different pH, initial phosphate concentrations, and the presence of different ions after 24 h of adsorption in a cross-flow filtration system. The total phosphorus and phosphate removal rate reached 91.5% and 95.9%, respectively, after the membrane was used to treat sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater for 24 h and no other water quality parameters had been changed. After the purification process, the utilization of the membrane as a new source of phosphorus in the phosphorus-free f/2 medium experiments indicated the high cultivability of economic microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum FACHB-863 and 1.2 times more chlorophyll a was present than in f/2 medium. The biomass and lipid content of the microalgae in the two different media were similar. The innovative polyvinyl chloride/Zr-modified-bentonite membrane used for phosphorus removal and recovery is an important instrument to establish the groundwork for both the treatment of low concentration phosphate from wastewater as well as the reuse of enriched phosphorus in required fields.     

水稻悬浮细胞诱导生成植保素的研究

运用化学试剂处理水稻悬浮细胞诱导生成植保素Sakuranetin(SA)和Mom ilactone A(MA).结果表明,在悬浮培养液中添加1.5 mmol/L的金属阳离子Ag 、Ca2 、Zn2 、Mg2 和Cu2 ,都可以在一定程度上诱导悬浮细胞产生SA或MA,其中以K 处理效果最好;添加1.5 mmol/L的NH4 也可诱导产生MA;MA的产生量显著高于SA,每20 mL悬浮液中的产量可以分别高达158.9~1337.9μg和0.16~7.6μg,说明水稻悬浮细胞中存在这些阳离子的高效防御识别系统,从而开发新型绿色环保农药是可行的.图1表1参9     

中国北方沿岸经济贝类砷残留量的调查研究

本文论述了中国北方沿岸经济贝类Ａｓ残留量分布及污染现状。比较了主要经济贝类体内Ａｓ因种类、生活习性不同形成的差异，其原因为贝类是一种滤食性生物，能累积环境中的Ａｓ，各种贝类累积Ａｓ的能力不同。综合比较结果是中国北方涡岸经济贝类尚未受到Ａｓ污染。探讨沿岸重要港湾，河口环境中Ａｓ对贝类的影响，着重讨论了大连湾贝类Ａｓ污染。     

基于生物膜模型的脉冲生物滤池硝化效果模拟

针对脉冲生物滤池的硝化功能,依据物料衡算方程、Fick第一定律构建生物膜传质子模型以及简化的ASM3模型,建立生物膜反应子模型。以Matlab软件为平台编程,模拟在沿脉冲生物滤池水流方向上基质浓度,并依据实测值和参数灵敏度进行分步校正。实测和模拟结果均表明:COD、NH+4-N、NO-2-N的去除主要集中在脉冲生物滤池的中上部、中部、下部,COD和氨氮去除率分别为45%、50%。当改变有机负荷和布水周期时,氨氮去除率随有机负荷的增大而减小,随布水周期的增大而增大。     

Applying the GM(1,1) model to simulate and predict the ecological footprint values of Suzhou city,China

The ecological footprint value (abbreviated as EF) is the quantitative indicator on evaluating the sustainable development status of a region. How to simulate the EF’s trend with a long-time data series has been heatedly discussed. The economic development of Suzhou, one of the most developed cities in Yangtze Delta, China, has been accelerated in the past 20 years, and it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the socioeconomic growth on local natural resources. The EF values of Suzhou from 1999 to 2018 were calculated and simulated using both the ARIMA model and the GM(1,1) model. The ARIMA model has been used in the prediction of EF values in several cases. However, the EF data series of the city consisted of white noise and could not be fitted by the ARIMA model. The GM(1,1) model, an approach forecasting nonlinear data series, was not found in the studies of the EF simulation. Through the model precision test, the GM(1,1) model introduced fit the EF data series well and was considered to be appropriate to simulate the EF values for Suzhou. The fitting performance was accurate, and the EF values of the city could be forecasted by the model in short term. With the proposed model, the ecological sustainability status of the city was analyzed.

     

Response of activity and community composition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria to partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrite oxidation as the second step of nitrification can become the determining step in disturbed soil systems. As a beneficial fertilization...