基于TiO2载体的锰铈系低温SCR脱硝催化剂研究进展

开发低温、高活性、高抗硫抗水性能的选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂已成为国内外的研究热点。综述了基于TiO2载体的锰铈系低温脱硝催化剂的脱硝性能,探讨了助剂掺杂改性、制备方法、反应条件等对催化剂脱硝性能的影响,总结了现有低温脱硝催化剂的技术难点,指出SCR催化剂的研究需要着重考虑以下几方面:深入研究催化剂的反应机理和中毒机理;研究催化剂的循环再生;探究拓宽催化剂温度窗口,使其适应不同的温度条件。     

二氧化碳资源化技术研究进展

过量的二氧化碳(CO2)排放可导致温室效应的不断加剧,因此CO2减排受到越来越多的关注,其中将CO2转化为附加值较高的化工产品,即CO2资源化利用技术不仅可实现CO2减排,同时具有一定的经济效益。CO2资源化利用技术主要包括光化学还原法、电化学还原法和催化转移氢化法等。重点介绍并总结了以上3种方法的特点、优势和不足,指出未来需研究解决的关键问题和研究方向,为实现高效的CO2资源化利用提供借鉴和参考。     

中国生态环境科技创新体系建设研究

分析国内外生态环境科技创新的发展现状,相比较国外以市场机制为导向、以企业为创新主体、政府通过政策和管辖支撑创新的体系特征,我国已形成四大类环境类科创载体,但尚未形成成熟有效的技术成果产业化机制以及市场与政策协同促进科技创新的发展模式。本文根据生态环境科技创新的强政策驱动性、技术验证放大周期长以及集成性强的特点,重点通过环境技术研发、技术成果转化、技术放大与赋能、产业拓展与推广四个方面阐述了生态环境科技创新体系建设的主要环节：环境技术的研发由以科研机构为主的传统自发性研发、企业迭代性研发和联合应用型研发组成;技术成果的转化经历挖掘发现、技术识别与判断、知识产权评估评价后进入已成立的企业或新设公司,在这一过程中,成果转化专业队伍起着至关重要的作用;技术放大与赋能旨在为有创新技术的企业提供科技创新政策、二次研发中试验证、首台套工程案例、投融资等资源的对接,以协助初创企业成长;产业的拓展与推广则通过为解决环境问题形成集成方案、孵化平台为企业背书和产业政策匹配等方式助力企业长期发展。最后从加强专业化创新平台、技术评估体系、成果转化人才培养体系建设以及疏通投融资渠道等方面对中国未来生态环境科技创新发展提出相关建议。     

大气颗粒物中环境持久性自由基的电子顺磁共振检测方法

大气颗粒物中的环境持久性自由基具有强氧化性,参与大气中诸多化学反应,影响空气质量,进而影响人体健康,因此对其定性、定量检测具有重要意义,然而现阶段并没有成熟有效的分析检测方法.本文利用电子顺磁共振波谱仪,对比大气颗粒物的3种进样方式,建立了便捷、有效的大气颗粒物中环境持久性自由基检测方法.首先,配制不同标准物质(或溶液),确定仪器的最佳检测参数和大气颗粒物的最低响应浓度(或质量).然后,分别使用水洗脱法和有机溶剂提取法对大气颗粒物进行前处理,优化大气颗粒物的水洗脱和有机提取条件,对比大气颗粒物直接进样、水洗脱样和有机提取样的测定结果.最后,确定了上述3种进样方法的适用条件,即直接检测法适用于石英膜和Teflon膜样品,且操作简便,易于定量测定大气颗粒物中自由基的浓度;水洗脱法仅适用于Teflon膜样品,但需要已知颗粒物洗脱效率才能定量计算;有机溶剂提取法不能有效的提取的颗粒物上的自由基.     

Sulfur cycle as an electron mediator between carbon and nitrate in a constructed wetland microcosm

• Fe(III) accepted the most electrons from organics, followed by NO₃^‒, SO₄^2‒, and O₂. • The electrons accepted by SO₄^2‒ could be stored in the solid AVS, FeS₂-S, and S⁰. • The autotrophic denitrification driven by solid S had two-phase characteristics. • A conceptual model involving electron acceptance, storage, and donation was built. • S cycle transferred electrons between organics and NO₃^‒ with an efficiency of 15%. A constructed wetland microcosm was employed to investigate the sulfur cycle-mediated electron transfer between carbon and nitrate. Sulfate accepted electrons from organics at the average rate of 0.84 mol/(m³·d) through sulfate reduction, which accounted for 20.0% of the electron input rate. The remainder of the electrons derived from organics were accepted by dissolved oxygen (2.6%), nitrate (26.8%), and iron(III) (39.9%). The sulfide produced from sulfate reduction was transformed into acid-volatile sulfide, pyrite, and elemental sulfur, which were deposited in the substratum, storing electrons in the microcosm at the average rate of 0.52 mol/(m³·d). In the presence of nitrate, the acid-volatile and elemental sulfur were oxidized to sulfate, donating electrons at the average rate of 0.14 mol/(m³·d) and driving autotrophic denitrification at the average rate of 0.30 g N/(m³·d). The overall electron transfer efficiency of the sulfur cycle for autotrophic denitrification was 15.3%. A mass balance assessment indicated that approximately 50% of the input sulfur was discharged from the microcosm, and the remainder was removed through deposition (49%) and plant uptake (1%). Dominant sulfate-reducing (i.e., Desulfovirga, Desulforhopalus, Desulfatitalea, and Desulfatirhabdium) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (i.e., Thiohalobacter, Thiobacillus, Sulfuritalea, and Sulfurisoma), which jointly fulfilled a sustainable sulfur cycle, were identified. These results improved understanding of electron transfers among carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles in constructed wetlands, and are of engineering significance.     

High heterogeneity of bacterioplankton community shaped by spatially structured environmental factors in West Lake,a typical urban lake in eastern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Elucidating the bacterioplankton spatial distribution patterns and its determinants is a central topic in ecological research. However, research on...     

Effects of rainfall on surface environment and morphological characteristics in the Loess Plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Slope failure is a one of major process that causes severe landform variation and environment variation, and slope failure has become a major hidden...     

3种喹诺酮类抗生素在骆马湖饮用水源地沉积物上的吸附特征

为探究喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)在饮用水源地的吸附特征,2019年6月于江苏骆马湖饮用水源地采集沉积物样品,用5种动力学方程拟合沉积物对诺氟沙星(NOR)、环丙沙星(CIP)和氧氟沙星(OFL)的吸附动力学过程,并用Langmuir和Freundlich模型拟合以上3种QNs的吸附热力学过程,分析了pH、水土比和不同Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Al~(3+)浓度对吸附过程的影响。结果表明:骆马湖沉积物对3种QNs的吸附在8h达到平衡,准二级动力学方程和Langmuir模型能更好地描述3种QNs的吸附动力学和热力学过程。酸性条件下,3种QNs的吸附效果更好,且在pH=5时平衡吸附量最大。平衡吸附量随着水土比的上升而下降。Na~+对吸附的抑制作用不明显,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)的抑制作用较强,而Al~(3+)对吸附表现为促进作用。应在枯水期和南水北调时期加强对骆马湖饮用水源地(尤其是东北部)QNs污染的关注。