综合管廊内火灾自动报警探测器实验研究

为了能够有效提升综合管廊内火灾自动报警系统的准确性和可靠性,本文采用火灾实体试验的方法,通过对各类型火灾自动报警探测器响应时间的情况进行分析和比较,研究综合管廊电力舱内常用探测器的性能。研究结果表明:接触式缆式线型感温火灾探测器可以较早的探测到电缆温度异常变化的现象,可用于早期预警。点型感烟探测器对烟粒子浓度较为敏感,可用于综合管廊电力舱室的空间探测。分布式光纤型感温火灾探测器对明火温度的变化较为敏感,作为空间型的火灾探测器比较可靠。     

大亚湾海产中重金属的健康风险与海产消费建议

为了解大亚湾常见野生海产品中重金属的含量及其摄食的健康风险,本文分析了大亚湾10种野生海产品可食用部分中7种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn)含量,并采用单因子污染指数(P_i)、综合污染指数(P_c)方法评价其污染程度,进一步采用美国环保署推荐的健康风险评估模型评估其摄食的健康风险.结果表明,7种重金属含量分别为4.28×10~(-2)—1.31×10~(-1)、8.58×10~(-5)—2.19×10~(-2)、2.69×10~(-3)—9.54×10~(-3)、1.92×10~(-2)—3.05×10~(-1)、ND—2.14×10~(-2)、8.40×10~(-4)—2.75×10~(-1)、1.92×10~(-1)—6.13×10~(-1) mg·kg~(-1)(湿重).与国内外其它地区相比,处于相对较低水平;与历史数据相比,呈现降低趋势.P_i及P_c结果表明,金钱鱼、平鲷、口虾蛄和棒锥螺中As处于轻度污染水平,其余重金属均处于无污染水平.风险评估结果表明,大亚湾海产品可食用部分中总砷的摄食致癌风险较高,儿童/青少年的致癌风险高于成人1.5倍.金钱鱼、口虾蛄、杜氏枪乌贼、近缘新对虾、蟹和棒锥螺的日均消费量(成人57.4 g·d~(-1),儿童/青少年42.4 g·d~(-1))均高于消费建议中给出的相应安全阈值,建议消费者适当控制这些海产品的日食用量和月食用餐数.As在海产品中较高的检出,需予以进一步关注.     

液氮泡沫发生器内流动特性研究

低温液氮与泡沫混合液直接接触产生氮气泡沫是一种新型的掺混形式,利用液氮高汽化比的特点,搭建液氮泡沫可视化实验装置,进行氮气-水两相流及液氮泡沫流动特性的研究。结果表明,液氮相变产生大量氮气,其与泡沫液混合产生泡沫,温度有所回升,最终趋于泡沫混合液温度;管路沿程压降较小;液氮射流破碎及流动过程可分为6个区域:低温液氮区、向上循环翻滚区、滞留区、泡沫与泡沫混合液混合区、致密泡沫区、泡沫混合液区。流体向下游流动过程中持续发泡;为防止管路结冰,需合理控制泡沫混合液与液氮流量。     

Mitigating Impact of Devils Lake Flooding on the Sheyenne River Sulfate Concentration

Devils Lake is a terminal lake located in northeast North Dakota. Because of its glacial origin and accumulated salts from evaporation, the lake has a high concentration of sulfate compared to the surrounding water bodies. From 1993 to 2011, Devils Lake water levels rose by ~10 m, which flooded surrounding communities and increased the chance of an overspill to the Sheyenne River. To control the flooding, the State of North Dakota constructed two outlets to pump the lake water to the river. However, the pumped water has raised concerns about of water quality degradation and potential flooding risk of the Sheyenne River. To investigate these perceived impacts, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was developed for the Sheyenne River and it was linked to a coupled SWAT and CE‐QUAL‐W2 model that was developed for Devils Lake in a previous study. While the current outlet schedule has attempted to maintain the total river discharge within the confines of a two‐year flood (36 m³/s), our simulation from 2012 to 2018 revealed that the diversion increased the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration from an average of 125 to >750 mg/L. Furthermore, a conceptual optimization model was developed with a goal of better preserving the water quality of the Sheyenne River while effectively mitigating the flooding of Devils Lake. The optimal solution provides a “win–win” outlet management that maintains the efficiency of the outlets while reducing the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration to ≤600 mg/L.     

Assessment on the effectiveness of environmental regulation in China—evidence from a panel data analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the context of global warming and environmental deterioration, the environment impact assessment is a crucial institutional guaranty to assure less...     

开孔陶粒的制备与同步硝化/反硝化生物反应器的构建

为了在常规淡水养殖条件下实现同步硝化/反硝化(SND)脱氮,研究了自制陶粒组建SND生物反应器的脱氮能力。结果表明,在陶土中添加1.5%(质量分数)纸纤维,900℃烧蚀6h,可制得内部具有丰富开孔孔隙结构的多孔陶粒;利用该陶粒构建SND生物反应器,在常规淡水养殖条件下,可顺利启动SND反应,亚硝态氮在第2天时开始显著积累,氨氮质量浓度在第6天起即可从15mg/L降至检测限以下;开孔陶粒借助内部孔隙形成好氧/厌氧微环境,抑制亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)生长并促使氨氧化细菌(AOB)成为优势菌,同时陶粒对溶液中氨氮具有选择吸附能力,促进了SND生物反应器的脱氮作用。     

不同水力条件下圆柱桥墩局部冲刷试验研究∗

桥墩冲刷是导致桥梁水毁的主要原因,研究不同水力条件下局部冲刷对桥梁的影响具有重要意义。通过开展不同流速和水深下圆柱桥墩模型冲刷试验,研究了圆柱桥墩周围泥沙的局部冲刷发展规律,特别是流速和水深对桥墩局部冲刷的影响。试验研究表明:随着时间的发展,最大冲刷深度与冲刷坑范围在前期急剧发展,随后发展逐渐缓慢,直到冲刷处于近似平衡阶段。最大冲刷深度最开始出现在墩前侧方,随后始终出现在墩正前方附近,最小冲刷深度出现在墩的正后方附近,墩后的冲刷深度不足墩前深度的50%。流速和水深是影响桥墩的局部冲刷的关键因素,最大冲刷深度和冲刷坑的范围随着流速和水深增大而增大,相比于水深,冲刷深度和冲刷坑范围受流速的影响较大。     

Nutrients Availability Shapes Fungal Community Composition and Diversity in the Rare Earth Mine Tailings of Southern Jiangxi,China

Russian Journal of Ecology - The present study characterized the nutrients availability of three rare earth tailings deserted in different time stages in Southern Jiangxi of China, and revealed the...