臭氧胁迫下外源喷施亚精胺和EDU对小麦生理指标的影响

采用开顶式气室模拟研究外源喷施亚精胺(Spd)和EDU对O3胁迫下小麦生理指标变化的影响,测定的生理指标包括丙二醛含量(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)、可溶性蛋白质含量、还原型谷胱甘肽含量(GSH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性(GR)、抗坏血酸含量(ASA)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性(APX)。结果表明,外源喷施Spd和EDU可不同程度地提高小麦叶片的SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性,降低MDA和ASA含量,提高GSH和可溶性蛋白含量。当Spd的浓度为0.25、0.50和0.75mmol·L-1时,小麦叶片POD活性比对照处理提高90.0%～226.7%,CAT活性提高21.4%～40.6%,APX活性提高164.2%～191.0%,MDA含量降低9.7%～42.5%。喷施300mg·L-1EDU可导致小麦叶片POD、CAT和APX活性分别比对照处理提高76.8%、27.4%和128.1%,MDA和ASA含量降低,GSH含量提高25.6%。以上结果说明Spd和EDU是2种比较有效的缓解小麦O3胁迫的抗氧化剂,可用来防护O3对小麦的毒害。     

Occurrence and removal of six pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a wastewater treatment plant employing anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic and UV processes in Shanghai,China

The occurrence and removal of six pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) including caffeine (CF), N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), carbamazepine, metoprolol, trimethoprim (TMP), and sulpiride in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Shanghai, China were studied in January 2013; besides, grab samples of the influent were also taken every 6 h, to investigate the daily fluctuation of the wastewater influent. The results showed the concentrations of the investigated PPCPs ranged from 17 to 11,400 ng/L in the WWTP. A low variability of the PPCP concentrations in the wastewater influent throughout the day was observed, with the relative standard deviations less than 25 % for most samples. However, for TMP and CF, the slight daily fluctuation still reflected their consumption patterns. All the target compounds except CF and DEET, exhibited poor removal efficiencies (<40 %) by biological treatment process, probably due to the low temperature in the bioreactor, which was unfavorable for activated sludge. While for the two biodegradable PPCPs, CF, and DEET, the anaerobic and oxic tank made contributions to their removal while the anoxic tank had a negative effect to their elimination. The tertiary UV treatment removed the investigated PPCPs by 5–38 %, representing a crucial polishing step to compensate for the poor removal by the biologic treatment process in winter.     

Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.     

电增强环氧树脂基聚合物膜萃取水样中的硝基苯

以环氧树脂基聚合物膜为萃取相,在电场作用下富集目标物,与高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用,应用于环境水样中硝基苯污染物的测定.考察了电压大小、萃取时间、洗脱时间、离子强度和溶液pH值对电增强萃取效率的影响.实验结果表明,环氧树脂基聚合物膜的萃取量与膜上所施加的控制电位相关,阴极极化时,膜对硝基苯的萃取量增大;在阳极极化时,膜萃取量减小.在电压为-0.3kV,硝基苯溶液pH=4的条件下,萃取20min,得到该方法的检出限为0.015μg·mL-1,在0.05～3.0μg·mL-1范围内具有良好的线性关系,可决系数为0.9929,变异系数小于5%.用上述方法分析鱼塘水,硝基苯3种不同加标水平的回收率为79.8%～108.2%.结果表明,该方法既可用于环境水样品中的硝基苯去除又可用于检测.     

湿法脱硫用大流量低背压喷嘴开发

在石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫吸收塔中,喷嘴性能直接影响到脱硫效率和运行成本。针对目前国产脱硫喷嘴能耗高的问题,基于质量及能量守恒方程,推导了螺旋喷嘴计算公式,并结合螺旋面设计方法开发出大流量低背压喷嘴。开发出的喷嘴运行压力小,可降低运行电耗;同时,可减少塔内布置的喷嘴数量,减少投资成本。     

共存物及其投加方式对Tween 80 在中砂上吸附损失的影响

通过静态吸附实验,研究了25℃条件下,表面活性剂冲洗液Tween 80在中砂上的吸附,以及CaCl2、SDS和木质素磺酸盐(木质素磺酸钠和木质素磺酸铵)对其吸附量的影响.结果表明,向Tween 80溶液中加入CaCl2和SDS都可以显著增加其吸附量.投加量越多,吸附量越大,当投加量达到一定程度后,吸附达到饱和,不会继续增大.SDS以预吸附的方式注入同样会导致Tween 80吸附量升高.而木质素磺酸盐与Tween 80共混则可大大降低Tween 80的吸附量.随着投加量的增加,Tween 80吸附量明显下降.在低投加比例(1:10)时,木质索磺酸铵效果较好,可以减少20%-75%的吸附量.而木质素磺酸钠只能减少10%-60%.当投加较高比例(1:2)时,两者都口1以明显降低Tween 80的吸附量,可达70%-90%.而采用木质素磺酸盐预吸附的方式注入的效果较混合注入要好,相同投加最的情况下,所降低Tween 80的吸附量是混合注入时的1.2-1.8倍.因此.在表面活性剂原位冲洗过程中用木质素磺酸盐进行预冲洗,能够减少表面活性剂吸附量,降低冲洗成本,可以作为原位冲洗过程中降低吸附损失的一种手段.     

Degradation of bisphenol-A using ultrasonic irradiation assisted by low-concentration hydrogen peroxide

This study investigated the degradation of bisphenol-A (BPA) by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of different additives (H2O2,air bubbles and humic acid) under various operating conditions,i.e.,ultrasonic frequency,power intensity and power density.The results demonstrated that the BPA degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetics under different experimental conditions.The optimum power intensities were 0.9,1.8,and 3.0W/cm 2 at the frequencies of 400,670,and 800 kHz,respectively.At the fixed frequ...     

大伙房水库水体氮、磷污染分析

分析了大伙房水库水体中氮、磷污染物来源及份额，结果表明：1992～2005年均入库总氮、总磷量分别为1731t和84t，总氮、总磷主要水库上游的的种植业、养殖业、林业和生活污水。     

上海市大气PM2.5时空分布特征

对2014年上海市大气监测国控点的PM2.5浓度数据进行统计分析和聚类分析。统计分析结果表明,上海市PM2.5浓度冬春季高,夏秋季低,按月呈U形分布,且上海市大气PM2.5浓度在空间上总体趋势呈西高东低。利用MATLAB的聚类分析结果表明上海市的10个监测站可分为4类：1）跨省传输影响显著的青浦淀山湖站;2）受海洋大气影响显著的浦东川沙站;3）不稳定的过渡类,其包括杨浦四漂和浦东张江监测站;4）受本地排放影响显著的中心城区类,其包括普陀、十五厂（卢湾师专附小）、徐汇上师大、虹口凉城、静安和浦东新区监测站。本文聚类分析结果揭示了上海不同地理位置的大气PM2.5浓度的相互关系。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰基本性质的研究

分析了几种焚烧飞灰的基本性质,讨论了燃烧过程中可能影响飞灰中重金属分布的因素,研究表明:焚烧飞灰结构复杂性和性质多变,其主要的化学组成为Cl、Ca、K、Na、Si、Al、O等,主要的重金属为Zn、Pb、Cr、Cu等;飞灰多以不规则的无定形态和多晶聚合体的结构存在,浸出毒性一般超过危险废物鉴别标准;重金属主要以气溶胶小颗粒和富集于飞灰颗粒表面的形式存在于飞灰中.焚烧厂和焚烧时间的变化对于飞灰性质有较大影响,几种飞灰的Cl含量范围为6.93%～29.18%,SiO₂为4.48%～24.84%;浸出毒性则在0～163.10mg·L^-1(Pb)、0.049～164.90mg·L^-1(Zn)之间变化.