工作环境改变后在役压力容器的检验

介绍了使用环境异常变化后,压力容器重新检验的必要性及相关的检验内容和技巧。     

味精生产过程中产生的废弃活性炭的再生

为了实现味精生产过程中产生的废活性炭的循环利用,提出了在通保护气体(氮气)的情况下管式电阻炉加热的方法。本研究考察了物料的质量,再生温度和再生时间对再生活性炭的吸附性能和得率的影响。结果表明,在物料质量为10 g、再生温度为800℃、再生时间为15 min时,再生活性炭的亚甲基蓝的值为180 mg/g,得率为67.23%。再生活性炭的比表面积1 015 m2/g,总孔体积1.05 mL/g,平均孔径4.47 nm。考察了再生次数对活性炭吸附性能的影响。对废活性炭和再生活性炭进行扫描电镜分析,再生活性炭的表面杂质明显减少,孔隙数量明显增多。     

选矿废水中黄药的生化处理

针对选矿废水中低浓度黄药和金属离子共存的工程实际,采用摇床振荡培养法,利用对黄药有降解性能的菌群,研究了共代谢基质、氮源、碳氮比及金属离子(Fe3+、Zn2+和Pb2+)对菌群降解黄药的影响。研究表明,由于共代谢基质化学结构不同,其对降解的促进作用依次是:多糖 > 二糖 > 单糖;氮源中氯化铵和尿素的促进作用较其他氮源(酵母膏、硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠)好;高碳氮比有利于黄药的降解。0~20 mg/L的Fe3+可促进微生物对黄药的降解;10 mg/L的Zn2+对黄药降解有促进作用,20 mg/L时影响不显著,在浓度为30~50 mg/L的范围内表现出抑制作用;4 mg/L的Pb2+已经对黄药的生物降解表现出抑制作用,且随着Pb2+浓度的升高,抑制作用增强。     

微波加热再生废弃的净化石油化工废水活性炭

为了对石油化工废水净化处理后的废弃活性炭实现循环利用,提出了在无保护气体和活化气体条件下进行微波加热的方法。主要评估了再生温度和再生时间对再生活性炭的吸附性能和得率的影响。结果表明,在再生温度为600℃,再生时间为15 min时,活性炭的碘吸附能力达到最大值971 mg/g,得率为82.36%。再生活性炭比表面积高达1 028 m2/g,总孔体积为1.23 mL/g,平均孔径为4.89 nm。通过废弃活性炭和再生活性炭进行了SEM对比分析,再生活性炭表面杂质减少,孔隙数量明显增多。     

淹水条件下蚕沙复配材料对酸性水稻土中镉铅钝化的影响

通过室内淹水土培实验,研究蚕沙配施蚕沙炭、膨润土、腐殖质钾和泥炭对酸性水稻土中镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）的钝化效果,从土壤pH、有机质、有效态Fe、Mn含量变化初步探析蚕沙复配材料对镉、铅的钝化机制。结果表明,蚕沙复配材料均不同程度地提高了土壤pH和有机质含量,有效态Cd、Pb的含量随着淹水时间的延长都有不同程度的降低。培养28 d后,与对照相比,添加了蚕沙+蚕沙炭（CB）、蚕沙+腐殖质钾（CF）、蚕沙+蚕沙炭+腐殖质钾（CBF）、蚕沙+泥炭（CN）处理的土壤有效态Cd分别降低了16.07%、15.51%、11.08%、7.76%,有效态Pb则降低了32.54%、27.12%、37.72%、42.31%。其中蚕沙+蚕沙炭（CB）对镉的钝化效果最好,蚕沙+泥炭（CN）处理对铅的钝化效果最好,综合来看,CB和CN处理同时对镉铅有很好的钝化效果,可以作为镉铅复合污染土壤的修复材料。相关分析结果显示,土壤的pH、有机质与有效态Cd、Pb含量均呈显著负相关关系,表明蚕沙复配材料对土壤中镉、铅的钝化作用可以通过提高土壤的pH、有机质含量来实现。     

激光质谱法对机动车尾气中污染物的测量

本文详细介绍了一种全新的污染物测试方法———激光质谱法的原理和特点。我们应用这一方法对机动车尾气进行了初步探测 ,得到了 2 6 6nm激光作用下汽车尾气的激光电离质谱图 ,并对摩托车发动机运行状态与苯系列污染物排放量之间的关系进行了初步的在线测量     

Monitoring and control methods of harmful algal blooms in Chinese freshwater system: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a worldwide problem with substantial adverse effects on the aquatic environment as well as human health, which have...     

Nitrification in natural waters with high suspended-solid content--a study for the Yellow River

In this research, the mechanism regarding the effects of suspended solids on nitrification in freshwater systems with high solid contents was examined. Experimental studies were conducted for natural water of the Yellow River under laboratory conditions. Nitrification kinetics was investigated in water systems with various levels of suspended-solid contents. The associated mechanisms were analyzed through investigation of the adsorption-desorption of ammonium nitrogen, the process of bacteria growth, and the feature of nitrification kinetics. The results indicated that the presence of suspended solids could accelerate the nitrification process. The nitrification rate would increase non-linearly with the increase of suspended-solid content. When the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 12.70 mg/l in the water system, the ratios of half-time duration for nitrification would be 1.88:1.23:1 under suspended-solid contents of 0, 1.84 and 5.00 g/l, respectively. When the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen was around 1.0 mg/l in the water system, the nitrification rates in systems with suspended-solid contents of 1.81 and 3.42 g/l would then be approximately 9 and 12 times that without suspended solids, respectively. The populations of nitrifying bacteria would rise with increasing suspended-solid content. The existence of suspended solids would increase the contact chances between bacteria and nitrogen, resulting in accelerated nitrification processes; this was manifested by the increased K(4) (tau(max)/K(S)) along with the raised suspended-solid contents while fitting nitrification kinetics with the growth-based logistic model. Since the amount of ammonium nitrogen adsorbed on suspended-solid surface was non-linearly proportional to the suspended-solid content, the nitrification rate was also non-linearly proportional to the suspended-solid content.     

测定高锰酸盐指数考核样品时的计算方法修正

针对测定高锰酸盐指数考核样品时的结果偏高现象，经过查找，其原因是由于按公式计算没有考虑稀释用纯水的空白值响应。经修正公式后计算，其考核样品的结果则均为正确。