Photocatalytic oxidation of triclosan

In the spring of 2003, there was an outbreak of the severe respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong. Health concerns have thus triggered an increased and predominant use of various types of household cleansing agents such as triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol). However, it has been reported recently that triclosan could be photochemically converted to toxic 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-Cl(2)DD) in the environment. It is therefore necessary to develop environmentally friendly methods for the treatment of triclosan. To this end, photocatalytic degradation of triclosan in aqueous solution was conducted using TiO(2) (Degussa P25) under irradiation of UV light (lambda < 365 nm). It was found that triclosan could be degraded by this approach. Hydrogen peroxide was added to enhance the degradation process, and the optimal initial hydrogen peroxide concentration for triclosan degradation was 0.005% (w/v). Product identification indicated that triclosan oxidation occurred at its phenol moiety and yielded quinone and hydroquinone intermediates. The formation of a dichlorophenol intermediate in triclosan degradation suggested bond-breaking of the ether linkage occurred during the process. Moreover, no chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin congener was detected. These findings confirm that the photocatalytic degradation of triclosan is an environmentally friendly process.     

以萘为共代谢的芘的好氧生物降解

为更好有效去除地下水中的常见污染物芘,以萘为降解基质,利用苍白杆菌降解芘,并对反应影响因素进行了研究,模拟了反应动力学。结果表明：浓度为100 mg·L-1、pH=7、25℃、萘的初始反应24 h后萘的去除率达到99.84%,芘的去除率达到37.5%。另外,菌株在萘初始浓度不同的条件下对萘的降解符合一级动力学,对芘的降解符合二级动力学。结果表明苍白杆菌在去除地下水中的萘和芘方面具有很大前景。     

A combined radical and non-radical oxidation processes for efficient degradation of Acid Orange 7 in the homogeneous Cu(II)/PMS system: important role of chloride

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trace copper ion (Cu(II)) in water and wastewater can trigger peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to oxidize organic compounds, but it only works under...     

Formation and instability of aerobic granules under high organic loading conditions

The cultivation and instability of aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor under high loading conditions were investigated. Compact bacteria-dominated aerobic granules with a mean diameter of 1 mm were formed at a chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of 6.0 kg m(-3) d(-1) within 30 d. However, the compact bacteria-dominated aerobic granules were not stable and transited to large-sized filamentous ones gradually. With the formation of bacteria-dominated granules, the hydrophobicity and specific gravity of the sludge increased. When the granules were transited to filamentous ones, the hydrophobicity and specific gravity decreased. Both granules had a high COD removal efficiency, excellent settling ability and showed a clear, regular round-shaped outline. After the filamentous granules reached a diameter of 16 mm, due to the mass transfer limitation and the possible presence of anaerobes in the inner part of the granules, they began to disintegrate and be washed out of the reactor, follow by failure of the reactor.     

反渗透海水淡化水的消毒

反渗透海水淡化是解决水资源危机的一项重要技术。反渗透海水淡化水在饮用水生产过程中需进行消毒以解决微生物污染问题。采用次氯酸钙、二氧化氯和紫外线3种消毒方法,考察了反渗透海水淡化水和自来水的消毒效果,比较了对主要水质指标如pH、硬度和碱度的影响及余氯和余ClO2的衰减性。结果表明,二氧化氯消毒速率最快,次氯酸钙消毒对水质的影响最大,而紫外线的消毒效果最为稳定。可为反渗透海水淡化水的进一步利用提供依据。     

植物对Cd-B[α]P复合污染土壤的修复

为了研究植物对Cd-B[α]P复合污染土壤的修复效果,本研究采取实验室模拟实验的方法,通过种植黑麦草、芥菜、苜蓿和高羊茅,进行Cd、B[α]P污染土壤修复植物的筛选。结果表明,芥菜和黑麦草对土壤中有效态Cd均有富集能力。黑麦草对B[α]P污染土壤修复效果比苜蓿、高羊茅的修复效果强,75 d时,平均富集系数最高为1.1。在Cd-B[α]P复合污染土壤植物修复效果的研究中,选择在土壤中种植黑麦草,结果表明,黑麦草对Cd-B[α]P复合污染土壤中Cd和B[α]P 有良好地去除作用,75 d时,分别达到58.55%和89.95%。     

Emission of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from metallurgy industries in S. Korea

The metallurgy industry and municipal waste incinerators are considered the main sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in many countries. This study investigated the emission factors and total emissions of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) emitted from metallurgy industries (including ferrous and nonferrous foundries) in Korea. The toxic equivalency (TEQ) emission factor of PCDD/Fs was the highest for secondary copper production, at 24451 ng I-TEQ/ton. The total estimated emissions of PCDD/Fs from these sources were 35.259 g I-TEQ/yr, comprising 0.088 g I-TEQ/yr from ferrous foundries, 31.713 g I-TEQ/yr from copper production, 1.716 g I-TEQ/yr from lead production, 0.111 g I-TEQ/yr from zinc production, and 1.631 g I-TEQ/yr from aluminum production. The total estimated annual amounts of dioxin-like PCBs emitted from these sources were 13.260 g WHO-TEQ/yr, comprising 0.014 g WHO-TEQ/yr from ferrous foundries, 12.675 g WHO-TEQ/yr from copper production, 0.170 g WHO-TEQ/yr from lead production, 0.017 g WHO-TEQ/yr from zinc production, and 0.384 g WHO-TEQ/yr from aluminum production. The highest emission factor was found for secondary copper smelting, at 9770 ng WHO-TEQ/ton.     

三峡工程对长江流域可持续发展的影响

可持续发展观念应该正确理解,研究可持续发展不能脱离国家或地区的发展水平。在分析长江流域可持续发展的限制因子（频繁的洪水灾害、偏低的防洪能力、落后的社会经济水平及脆弱的生态环境）的基础上,从三峡工程的防洪作用、发电效益、航运效益以及三峡工程效益发挥的可持续性方面,研究了三峡工程对长江流域可持续发展的促进作用。同时论述了三峡工程的建设对长江中上游地区生态环境综合治理及库区社会经济发展的带动作用。认为三峡工程的建设符合我国当今可持续发展战略,是全面促进长江流域社会经济环境可持续发展的关键性工程。     

超高“Z型”中庭高度对自燃排烟特性影响的数值模拟研究

超过12m的超高中庭发生火灾时,常规排烟方法不能完全满足实际需求。通过FDS软件对某超高"Z型"中庭进行数值模拟,研究中庭高度对自然排烟特性的影响。该"Z型"中庭底层南面是自然进风口,顶层北面是自然排烟口,以烟气最先到达指定楼层人员危险时间值为到达危险时间。实验条件下模拟结果表明:无风情况下,中庭高度增加,到达危险时间增加,自然排烟效果增强。到达危险时间t与中庭高度h之间满足一定指数增长关系:t=y0+Aexp(h/α),中庭火源位置和中庭宽度对y0、A和α有一定影响。有风情况下,外界风向与进风口方向一致时,中庭自然排烟效果优于无风状况,中庭越高效果越强。在外界风向与排烟口方向相反时,烟气倒灌进中庭,自然排烟效果较弱。