Temporal and Spatial Variations of Phytoplankton Community Structure in Lake Erhai,a Chinese Plateau Lake,with Reference to Environmental Factors

Russian Journal of Ecology - Temporal and spatial variations of phytoplankton community in Lake Erhai were investigated from May 2010 to April 2011. A total of 124 species belonging to 8 phyla and...     

Study on the denitrification performance of FexLayOz/activated coke for NH3-SCR and the effect of CO escaped from activated coke at mid-high temperature on catalytic activity

Currently, activated coke is widely used in the removal of multiple pollutants from industrial flue gas. In this paper, a series of novel Fe_xLa_yO_z/AC catalysts was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation for NH₃-SCR denitrification reaction. The introduction of Fe-La bimetal oxides significantly improved the denitrification performance of activated coke at mid-high temperature, and 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC exhibited a superior NO_x conversion efficiency of 90.1% at 400 °C. The catalysts were further characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, Raman, EPR, XPS, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, H₂-TPR, et al., whose results showed that the perovskite-type oxide of LaFeO₃ and oxygen vacancies were produced on the catalysts’ surfaces during roasting. Fe-La doping enhanced the amount of acid sites (mainly Lewis and other stronger acid sites) and the content of multifarious oxygen species, which were beneficial for NO_x removal at mid-high temperature. Moreover, it was investigated that the effect of released CO from activated coke at mid-high temperature on the NO_x removal through the lifetime test, in which it was found that a large amount of CO produced by pyrolysis of activated coke could promote the NO_x removal, and long-term escaping of CO on the activated coke carrier did not have a significant negative impact on catalytic performance. The results of the TG-IR test showed that volatile matter is released from the activated coke while TG results showed that the weight loss rate of 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC only was 0.0015~0.007%/min at 300–400 °C. Hence, 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC had excellent thermal stability and denitrification performance to be continuously used at mid-high temperature. Finally, the mechanisms were proposed on the basis of experiments and characterization results.

     

The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fetal growth has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of perinatal and postnatal health. Although the effects of maternal exposure to air...     

单宁为模板制备纳米二氧化钛 及其对钍的吸附性能

以杨梅单宁(BT)为模板,水热法合成纳米二氧化钛(BT-NTO)。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM和TEM技术对BT-NTO的结构及形貌进行了表征。将BT-NTO用于吸附溶液中的Th~(4+),在溶液pH为3.5、温度为25℃、Th~(4+)初始浓度为0.5 mmol/L的条件下,BT-NTO对Th~(4+)的吸附量为0.905 8 mmol/g;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程;溶液中共存的Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Sr~(2+)、Yb~(3+)、Nd~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Gd~(3+)、La~(3+)、Cl-、ClO4-离子对Th~(4+)吸附量影响较小;BT-NTO的重复使用性能较好。     

半干法脱除球团烟气中的SO2及Hg0

采用钙基吸收剂及复合氧化剂半干法脱除模拟球团烟气中的SO_2及Hg~0,考察了多因素条件对吸收效果的影响。实验结果表明,在以NaClO和NaClO_2为复合氧化剂、 NaClO与NaClO_2体积比1∶0.5、复合氧化剂质量分数3%、反应温度110℃、钙基吸收剂质量3.0 g、模拟烟气进气流量1.2 L/min的条件下,SO_2和Hg~0的脱除率分别为98%和93%,证明钙基吸收剂与复合氧化剂对污染物球团烟气中的SO_2和Hg~0有良好的脱除作用。     

典型木材燃料层流扩散火焰碳黑生成特性研究

为了对木材燃料层流扩散火焰碳黑生成特性进行研究,搭建了基于消光法原理的轴对称层流火焰碳黑浓度测量平台,选用马尾松针、柚木以及红橡木三种典型木材燃料粉碎成针状试样,并堆成直径3.5 cm堆垛,利用酒精引燃后可获得稳定的层流扩散火焰,同时通过电热丝辅助加热延长稳定燃烧。通过对三种典型木材燃料层流燃烧过程的质量损失和火焰碳黑浓度的测量和对比分析,结果显示三种燃料中马尾松针碳黑生成能力最大,这说明木材的碳黑生成能力可能与其碳元素和氧元素的含量有关。     

助剂作用下超声浸取电解锰渣

用8-羟基喹啉、黄原酸钾、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、磷酸三丁酯、柠檬酸5种物质作浸取助剂,考察了助剂作用下超声辅助浸取法从电解锰渣中提取锰的工艺条件。实验结果表明：用1%（质量分数）柠檬酸作浸取助剂,在固液比（g/mL）为1∶4、酸矿比（mL/g）为0.3∶1、浸取温度为70℃的条件下,超声浸取15min,锰浸出率平均可达57.28%,是加热酸浸法锰浸出率的2.72倍,是无助剂超声辅助浸取法锰浸出率的1.52倍。     

选择性吸附-高效生物降解法处理含硝基苯与苯酚混合废水

结合NDA-150型树脂（简称树脂）选择性吸附和生物降解的优点,对含硝基苯和苯酚的模拟混合废水（简称混合废水）进行处理。通过树脂的选择性吸附,使混合废水中的硝基苯和苯酚分离,随后用高效菌对树脂所吸附的硝基苯进行生物降解,同时实现树脂的再生。实验结果表明：通过调节混合废水的pH,树脂可有效地将混合废水中的硝基苯和苯酚进行选择性吸附分离;树脂对硝基苯的吸附是可逆的;树脂的再生程度受微生物对可利用硝基苯质量浓度的下限（1．2mg／L）限制;吸附-生物再生循环实验结果表明,该树脂可有效抵抗微生物的生物降解与破坏。     

潜流人工湿地去除大庆地区湖泊水体中石油类化合物的研究

针对大庆地区石油类化合物污染湖泊水质特点和气候条件,采用包含砾石床、砾石芦苇床、炉渣芦苇床和炉渣床单元的现场试验系统,考察启动期、投加微生物、投加缓释碳源、水温低于5℃和常规运行期等工况下各单元对石油类化合物的去除效果及其去除机理.在整个试验期内4个单元石油类化合物的平均去除率分别为24.7％、28.4％、45.9％和42.9％;投加微生物和缓释碳源都可提高石油类化合物污染物的去除效果;以炉渣为填料的单元污染物去除效果显著优于以砾石为填料的单元.2005年常规运行期间,湿地床和对照床石油类化合物去除率存在显著性差异（p<0.05）,植物对石油类化合物的去除起到显著的促进作用.系统运行期内通过截留去除的石油类化合物占总去除量70％左右,各单元该比例没有显著性差异（p<0.05）.     

基于WARMF模型的杭埠-丰乐河流域水文模拟研究

研究了WARMF模型在杭埠-丰乐河流域(巢湖流域最大支流)的水文模拟适应性能并进行了流域水文系统分析.利用AVSWAT2000模型将流域划分为37个子流域,利用流域地貌-土壤分布对应关系、土壤剖面结构、地下水位埋深等条件,确定了子流域的平面分组与剖面土层结构,较大程度上降低了流域模型参数校准的难度与不确定性.利用2000～2003年的水文观测数据,在参数灵敏度分析基础上,对模型水文参数进行了校准与检验.结果表明,WARMF在研究区具有较好的适应性能.WARMF模型与AVSWAT2000模型的水文模拟结果对比表明,WARMF模型具有更好的日拟合性能.基于模型的模拟结果,在空间尺度上定量分析了流域从降水开始到入湖的水循环过程,在时间尺度上分析了年内降雨、径流的分布及其对应关系.流域概化、模型的校准与检验以及流域水文时空变化的系统分析方法等对流域水文、环境的模拟研究与系统分析具有探索意义.