Using a process-based model to understand dynamics of Chinese agricultural and water technology development from 8000 bc to 1911 ad

Advancements in technology are inextricably bound to our society and the natural environment. However, how the development process of a technology system interacts with both remains unclear. We propose a process model to understand the complex dynamics among technology, society, and the environment via seven interactive elements: technologies, actors, receiving bodies, natural contexts, social contexts, temporal–spatial contexts, and outcomes. The model was applied to agricultural and water technology development in China from 8000 bc to 1911 ad. Our findings show that these elements did not play equally important roles in different periods of the development in ancient China, with social contexts most dominating during the earlier periods and both social and environmental concerns arising towards the later periods. The proposed model, by identifying the elements in the technology development that should be strengthened, can act as an analysis device to assist in reconfiguring a more sustainable socio-technological system.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01424-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Effects of tri-o-cresyl phosphate on serum estrogen and progesterone concentration and ATPase activity in the shell gland of adult hens

The activities of calcium-activated ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase) and calcium magnesium-activated ATPase (Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase) in the shell gland, and concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone in serum were monitored, respectively, from hens orally dosed with tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) (750 mg/kg). Treated birds were monitored daily for laying and development of delayed neurotoxicity, and activities of Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase were measured at 7 and 10 days after dosing. TOCP-treated birds manifested motor deficit by 7-9 days postdosing, while hens administered vehicle exhibited no signs of delayed neurotoxicity. Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities of shell glands from TOCP-dosed hens were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). The serum E2 concentration was significantly reduced in TOCP-treated hens (P < 0.01); however, progesterone levels were unaffected.     

Comparison of particulate mass, chemical species for urban, suburban and rural areas in central Taiwan, Taichung

Aerosol samples for PM2.5, PM(2.5-10) and TSP were collected from June to September 1998 and from February to March 1999 in central Taiwan. Ion chromatography was used to analyze the acidic anions: sulfate, nitrate and chloride in the Universal samples. The ratios of fine particle concentrations to coarse particle concentrations displayed that the fine particle concentrations are almost greater than that of coarse particle concentrations in Taichung area. The average concentrations of PM2.5, PM(2.5-10) and TSP in urban sites are higher than in suburban and rural sites at both daytime and night-time. Chloride dominated in the coarse mode in daytime and in fine mode in night-time. Nitrate can be found in both the coarse and fine modes. Sulfate dominated in fine mode in both daytime and night-time.     

植物抗逆性研究进展

本文论述了逆境对植物各方面造成的伤害及植物产生的相应反应 ,重点对植物在生理生化上的变化、对抗性生理领域中的一些学说和最新研究结果作了介绍 ,并指出相生相克现象也可作为抗逆生理的一个方面加以研究 ,概念扩展后的抗逆生理学必将在农业、环保等方面得到更广泛的应用     

Exploration of spatial-temporal varying impacts on COVID-19 cumulative case in Texas using geographically weighted regression (GWR)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since COVID-19 is extremely threatening to human health, it is significant to determine its impact factors to curb the virus spread. To tackle the...     

Synthesis of Ni-doped anatase TiO2 single crystals loaded on wood-based activated carbon for enhanced photodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, the Ni-doped anatase TiO2 single crystals loaded on activated carbon (Ni-T/AC) were synthesized by a sol–gel method. The chemical...     

Comparison of metabolome profiles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) intestine induced by polystyrene microplastics with different sizes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in aquatic environments. They could induce intestinal toxicity in the fish. However, research on the metabolic...     

基于响应曲面法优化的臭氧/过硫酸盐/四氧化三铁工艺对结晶紫的降解

为有效去除水中结晶紫,利用臭氧/过硫酸盐/四氧化三铁工艺对结晶紫的氧化效果进行研究,设计单因素实验探索臭氧流量、过硫酸盐浓度、四氧化三铁浓度和pH对结晶紫降解的影响,依据响应曲面法的Box-Behnken Design(BBD)实验设计原理,探究臭氧流量、过硫酸盐浓度、四氧化三铁浓度和反应时间对降解效果的影响,并优化工艺参数;使用SEM-EDS、FT-IR和Raman表征了反应前后的四氧化三铁,并用EPR技术直接鉴定出工艺过程中的活性氧。结果表明：此工艺在较宽的pH区间(3~11)都具有较高的结晶紫降解能力,臭氧流量、过硫酸盐浓度和四氧化三铁浓度与结晶紫的降解率成正比;臭氧流量1.000 L·min⁻¹,过硫酸盐浓度0.968 mmol·L⁻¹,四氧化三铁浓度2.158 mmol·L⁻¹,反应时间41.702 min为预测的最佳工艺条件;在最佳工艺条件下得到的实际降解率与预测降解率相对偏差仅为−1.12%;催化反应后Fe₃O₄粒径减小,表面变得更加光滑;反应后的Fe₃O₄的铁元素质量分数由48.24％降至35.31%,而氧和硫元素质量分数由34.05%和0.39%分别增至37.59%和1.09%;臭氧/过硫酸盐/四氧化三铁工艺过程中存在SO₄^·–和·OH。由此可知,BBD优化模型预测与实际处理效果基本一致。该研究成果为可为难降解的结晶紫废水的深度处理提供参考。     

DSF型群体感应系统的缺失导致嗜根寡养单胞菌溶藻作用的增强

水环境中的微藻与藻际微生物之间关系复杂多变,而微生物的群体感应 (QS) 作用会影响并调控菌藻的共生关系。以嗜根寡养单胞菌 (Stenotrophomonas rhizophila) 野生株 (WT) 和QS扩散信号因子 (DSF) 合成酶基因- rpfF基因敲除株 (△rpfF) 为实验菌株,阐明DSF型群体感应是否调控嗜根寡养单胞菌对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效果。结果表明：嗜根寡养单胞菌野生株和rpfF基因敲除株的溶藻特性相似,均具有针对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻特异性,主要通过分泌溶藻物质间接作用于藻细胞;野生株和敲除株培养48 h后的无菌滤液均有显著的溶藻作用,在投加体积分数10%无菌滤液的条件下,野生株和敲除株7 d溶藻率分别为53%和78%。此外,实验菌株分泌的溶藻活性物质具有热稳定性和酸碱耐受性,且不容易被乙醇沉淀;三维荧光光谱、紫外可见光光谱、傅里叶变换红外光光谱分析表明菌株胞外滤液中主要以类腐殖酸物质为主,芳香化程度较高;通过比较荧光强度和吸光度可知DSF合成酶基因缺失的嗜根寡养单胞菌的无菌滤液中类腐殖酸物质含量显著高于野生株。结果表明,DSF-QS缺失的嗜根寡养单胞菌生物量增多,能分泌更多的溶藻物质,增强了嗜根寡养单胞菌的溶藻作用。本研究拓宽了对菌藻互作的认识,有助于更好地理解溶藻菌对有害藻华的抑制机制,同时为以微生物菌剂治理水华的技术体系提供参考。     

Application of improved seasonal GM(1,1) model based on HP filter for runoff prediction in Xiangjiang River

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Runoff forecasting is essential for the reasonable use of regional water resources, flood prevention, and mitigation, as well as the development of...