基于环境DNA的长江中华鲟分布特征探究

中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）是我国长江流域的旗舰物种,在长江十年禁渔的大背景下,研究中华鲟无损化检测技术具有重要意义。环境DNA（eDNA）技术是一种环境友好型生物监测技术,可以在不直接观察或捕获生物体的情况下对物种进行检测。从文献中筛选出可以用于检测中华鲟eDNA的特异性引物,于2020年9月在长江中下游选取4个中华鲟常出现的区域,进行各断面立体式采样;提取16个点位的eDNA,使用筛选得到的引物对中华鲟进行eDNA的检测,以探究中华鲟的分布特征。结果显示,成功筛选到1组可以检测中华鲟eDNA的引物,使用该引物成功检测到包括中华鲟在内的长江4种鲟类的eDNA,共计测得约300万条鲟类序列。依据测序结果分析不同断面检测到的中华鲟eDNA的差异,发现宜昌江段断面的中华鲟eDNA最多,洞庭湖口断面最少,且表层和底层水体的中华鲟eDNA检出也有显著差异。筛选得到的引物可以用于中华鲟eDNA的检测,中华鲟eDNA的检测结果与中华鲟的历史调查和洄游特征较为吻合。不同水深条件中华鲟eDNA的检出量有显著差异,表明在今后的调查中采用混合或者立体采样可以更加全面地进行中华鲟eDNA的检测。

     

电沉积处理含镉废水的性能研究

电沉积含镉废水考察溶液的不同初始p H、镉的不同初始浓度、电流密度及金属配合物对电沉积效果的影响,利用SEM和XRD对沉积物的表面形貌和物相成分进行分析,研究沉积物金属的存在形式。实验结果表明,p H在1.5~3.5时,溶液中镉的去除效果达到99.3%;一级动力学常数随着初始镉溶液浓度增加而变大;当电流密度为4.46 m A/cm2进行90 min电沉积时反应速率较快且沉积量最大;氨水与镉形成的配合物可以促进电沉积镉的反应速率;对电沉积后的沉积物进行扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)测试。SEM表明,沉积物呈现树枝状的纳米结构。XRD表明,沉积物主要成分为氢氧化镉和镉。     

基于Matlab分析的台阶式场地平整方案优化设计

在某市餐厨垃圾处理厂场地平整设计中,利用Matlab软件对台阶式场地平整方案进行优化设计,即在Auto CAD环境下用等高线法计算各级台阶的土方量,用Matlab软件拟合出台阶设计高程和土方量的函数关系式,在约束条件下求解,得到了最优设计高程和基于土方挖填平衡条件下场地平整的最小土方工程量,为工程总平面布置提供优化方案。其分析设计方法可为工业企业台阶式场地的总平面布置设计提供借鉴。     

单斜相纳米氧化锆基低温SCR催化剂脱硝机制研究

以纳米m-ZrO2为载体,用浸渍法制备出MnOx-CeO2/m-ZrO2催化剂,考察反应温度、活性组分负载量对催化剂NH3-SCR脱硝活性影响,探讨催化剂表面织构特征,分析催化剂脱硝活性机制.结果表明,在低温脱硝温度范围,提高反应温度、增加活性组分负载量,有利于催化剂脱硝效率的增加.110℃时,2.5%MnOx-CeO2/m-ZrO2脱硝效率为55.5%,15%MnOxCeO2/m-ZrO2脱硝效率达93.5%.XRD、BET、XPS、H2-TPR表征结果表明,催化剂表面具有良好的氧化还原能力,表面织构对脱硝反应有利.NH3-TPD测试显示,MnOx-CeO2/m-ZrO2催化剂的脱硝反应机制为:NH3吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis酸性位和Brnsted酸性位上,通过反应生成相应中间产物NH2NO或NH4NO2,中间产物进一步分解最终转变为N2和H2O;催化剂总脱硝反应效率中,在Lewis酸性位上的脱硝反应占比较大.     

Hg0 removal from flue gas over different zeolites modified by FeCl3

The elemental mercury removal abilities of three different zeolites (NaA, NaX, HZSM-5) impregnated with iron (III) chloride were studied on alab-scale fixed-bed reactor. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) analy-ses were used to investigate the physicochemical properties. Results indicated that the pore structure and active chloride species on the surface of the samples are the key factors for physisorption and oxidation of Hg⁰, respectively. Relatively high surface area and micropore volume are beneficial to efficient mercury adsorption. The active Cl species generated on the surface of the samples were effective oxidants able to convert elemental mercury (Hg⁰) into oxidized mercury (Hg²⁺). The crystallization of NaCl due to the ion exchange effect during the impregnation of NaA and NaX reduced the number of active Cl species on the surface, and restricted the physisorption of Hg⁰. Therefore, the Hg⁰ removal efficiencies of the samples were inhibited. The TPD analysis revealed that the species of mercury on the surface of FeCl₃-HZSM-5 was mainly in the form of mercuric chloride(HgCl₂), while on FeCl₃-NaX and FeCl₃-NaA it was mainly mercuri coxide(HgO).     

N、P、Fe、Mn对亚历山大藻LC3生长的影响

利用正交试验研究了N、P、Fe、Mn四种物质对亚历山大藻LC3生长的影响,比较无机营养盐及微量金属元素对亚历山大藻LC3增殖影响的大小顺序,结果显示无机N对藻的生长有促进作用,882—2646μmol／L浓度时LC3生长较好,2646μmol／L下生长速率略快。无机P对亚历山大藻LC3生长的影响差异显著,一定浓度的P对LC3的生长有促进作用。Fe及Mn对藻生长均有促进作用,分别在3．5μg／L的Fe浓度下及18—36gg／L的Mn浓度下藻可获得较快的生长速率。四种元素对亚历山大藻LC3生长均有促进作用,各元素对生长影响的大小顺序依次为：P〉Mn〉N〉Fe。     

人工湿地基质除磷影响因素研究进展

基质除磷被认为是人工湿地中磷去除的主要方式。人工湿地基质除磷不仅受其自身化学特性的影响,还受到废水磷负荷、水力条件、运行方式、温度、溶解氧、pH、竞争性离子等的影响,结合国内外的最新研究进展较全面地论述了上述因素对基质除磷效果的影响。最后对吸附饱和基质的去向进行了一定的探讨。     

全氟辛烷磺酸盐在天然水体沉积物中的吸附-解吸行为

通过平衡振荡试验,探讨了沉积物的理化性质(总有机碳含量、粒度、阳离子交换容量、比表面积)、离子强度和pH值对全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)吸附-解吸行为的影响.结果表明,在中性环境中PFOS在水和沉积物中有机质之间的分配作用是影响其吸附行为的重要机制,分配系数Kd与沉积物中总有机碳含量呈显著正相关(r=0.96,p＜0.01,n=15).随着离子强度的增加,盯OS在沉积物中的吸附量明显增大,解吸滞后现象更加明显.pH的影响在酸性和碱性条件下(pH 4～8.5)呈现出不同的特点,在酸性条件下随pH值增加,PFOS在沉积物中的吸附量减少;在pH接近中性时达到最小值;在碱性条件下随pH增加,吸附量增加.     

Influence of different inoculation densities of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) on heavy metal immobilization in swine manure

The disposal of organic waste by the biocomposting of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) has drawn broad attention. However, the discrepancies in heavy metal immobilization between BSFL biocomposting with different inoculation densities and aerobic composting need to be further researched. In this study, BSFL with inoculation densities of 0.08%, 0.24% and 0.40% was added to swine manure to investigate its influence on heavy metal bioaccumulation and bioavailability. The physicochemical properties, BSFL growth performance and amino acid contents were measured. The results showed that the germination index, total prepupal yield and bioavailable fraction removal rate (%) of Cr and Pb at an inoculation density of 0.40% of BSFL were the highest among all of the BSFL biocomposting groups. Although the bioaccumulation factor and heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn) concentrations of the BSFL body from swine manure with inoculation densities of 0.24% and 0.40% of BSFL were similar, the BSFL inoculation density of 0.40% had the best absorption effect on these heavy metals in terms of total prepupal yield. Therefore, this study provides a basis for exploring the optimal inoculation density of BSFL biocomposting to reduce the harmful effects of heavy metals in swine manure.

     

What are the disease burden and its sensitivity analysis of workers exposing to Staphylococcus aureus bioaerosol during warm and cold periods in a wastewater treatment plant?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants releases high amounts of pathogenic bioaerosols. Quantitative microbial risk assessment is a...