Sustainable Tourism Development Management of Local Cultural Landscapes

Abstract

Nowa days, ecological and cultural tourism, especially those ancient villages and towns in China, have attracted an increasing number of tourists because of their unique cultural features. However, rapid development of tourism brings economic benefits, but results in a series of problems that threaten further tourism development and protection of ancient towns, such as over-commercialization and tourism urbanization. Taking Longmen ancient town as an example, this paper presented a sustainable way of preserving and developing resources of ancient villages and towns. First, identify cultural features and the extent of ancient villages and towns, and find the approach through which a cultural landscape zoning can be applied. Second, define a cooperative function area to release the pressure on core areas and protect their authentic cultures by extending tourism space. Third, balance tourism development with traditional industries to enhance the sustainability of community economies.     

我国农业县（市）绿色食品发展对策研究

发展绿色食品是实现区域可持续发展和发展生态农业的一条有效途径。本文分析了我国农业县（市）发展绿色食品普遍存在的问题,在此基础上提出了发展绿色食品的对策。     

土地细碎化与农户环境友好型技术采纳决策——以测土配方施肥技术为例

利用湖北省1710份农户的微观数据,运用Double-hurdle模型,实证分析土地细碎化对农户环境友好型技术采纳决策的影响.研究表明:(1)总体来说,土地细碎化对农户是否采纳环境友好型技术,以及采纳密度(采纳环境友好型技术的面积/总农地经营面积)均产生负向影响;(2)对男性和低自我效能感知主体而言,土地细碎化对其是否采纳环境友好型技术决策和采纳密度决策均产生负向影响;而对女性和高自我效能感知主体,则未产生显著影响;(3)土地细碎化对强社会网络主体的是否采纳决策产生影响,对其采纳密度决策不产生影响,土地细碎化对弱社会网络主体的是否采纳和采纳密度决策均产生负向影响;(4)土地细碎化对低农业收入依赖主体的采纳密度决策以及高农业收入依赖主体的是否采纳决策产生负向影响,对低农业收入依赖主体的是否采纳决策以及高农业收入依赖主体的采纳密度决策不产生影响;(5)土地细碎化对平原地区农户的是否采纳决策不产生影响,对其采纳密度决策产生影响,土地细碎化对非平原地区农户的是否采纳和采纳密度决策均产生负向影响.据此,建议着力推进高水平良田建设,激励农户环境友好型技术采纳决策的政策制定需要充分考虑农户异质性影响,实施精准施肥政策,并充分考虑不同自然环境特征(如地形等)的影响,针对平原和非平原地区的农户,采取差异化的激励策略.     

Risk-evaluation of Hi-tech Enterprise in the Process of Approaching Global Market

In the high technology industry, small and medium sized technology enterprises (SMSTEs) play a pivotal role in advancing the whole industry. To achieve sustainable development, they need to extend their scope of business activities beyond a national view and exploit international market actively to meet international competitions that increase quickly in the form of allocating resources within the scope of the world. However, the SMSTEs are also facing risks associated with themselves during the process of exploiting international market owing to their own restrictions, so what they should do is to consider risk evaluations in exploiting the international market.     

Two Major Relative Comparative Advantages of China in International Trade

Sustainable development requires enriching and developing the traditional international trade theory, especially integrating the environmental elements into the current analysis framework of relative comparative advantages. These relationships among labor, capital, and environmental resources are analyzed in this study, using the relative comparative advantages method. As indicated in the analysis, the ever-increasing international trading volume in China relies not only on the relative comparative advantage of labor but also on the environmental one; these are the two major advantages in China. However, the two advantages will experience serious challenge in the future along with a rising cost on labor and environmental pollution.     

Agricultural Structure in Western China by Comparing with before and after CFFG Based on Shift-share Method

Based on shift-share method, this article employs re- gional share, structural shift and competitive shift to analyze the structural benefit and competitive position of agricultural structure in western China by comparing with agriculture, foresting, stockbreeding and fishing before and after Conversion of Farmland to Forest and Grassland （CFFG）. Then authors draw following conclusion： while CFFG program has been put in practice, the agricultural structure in western China has some typical characteristics, such as growth faster, structural predominance obvious and more competitive. But the contributiveness from the competition is not too much yet, and the structural benefit of forest estate and stockbreeding are restrained.     

用参评因子动态排序法评价环境综合质量

评价环境综合质量常用的方法是计算加权平均的综合指数,其中权重的确定又多用层次分析法（AHP）。设计以实际监测数据为依据计算两个参数yi1和yi2,并据此对各因子进行分类并排序,由此可定性确定各因子对环境总体污染的相对重要性,并判识环境污染中的关键因子、预警因子、趋好转的因子及可不必特别关注的因子;为定量确定各因子在综合评价中的权重,再依排序位次对其赋值,然后利用所赋之值进行因子间的两两比较以克服AHP法一般应用中因各人掌握标准有异而造成比较结果的不确定性,使权重确定完全建立在监测数据的客观基础上。此外,因环境污染状况随时空改变,若需对不同时段或不同区域的环境综合质量进行评价,给各因子赋予不变的权重显然不妥,而用上述思路和方法可依据实测值的差别对不同时段或不同区域的环境评价因子进行有根据的差异排序,然后再用AHP法定权,这就使不同时空环境质量的比较更为客观合理。     

农产品环境安全评价及对策--以江苏省为例

在界定农产品环境安全含义的基础上，构建了由农产品环境安全压力、状况和保障能力组成的江苏农产品环境安全评价指标体系，采用主成分分析法和聚类分析法对全省13个市进行实证分析，并进一步对造成显著区域差异的原因进行了分析。提出了相应的对策建议。     

基于遥感反演长江中游地区悬浮泥沙研究

悬浮泥沙定量研究对于调查长江的水质、地貌、生态环境等起着至关重要的作用。以长江中游武汉地区2012~2013年14幅不同时相的Landsat ETM+遥感影像为主要数据源,结合野外采样悬浮泥沙浓度数据,分析了悬浮泥沙遥感定量反演方法,数据处理中针对ETM+SLC OFF影像缝隙问题,采用自适应局部回归匹配算法（ALR）进行影像自动恢复处理,在波段选择中对悬浮泥沙浓度和光谱反射率数据进行相关性分析,并运用传统关系建模方法和高斯模型方法对比,比较悬浮泥沙定量反演模型,利用实测验证数据对反演模型精度进行评估。研究结果表明：（1）ALR可以有效的获取悬浮泥沙敏感波段的遥感光谱反射率;（2）ETM+Band3悬浮泥沙浓度的高斯模型相关系数最高,通过对比得到模型反演的验证精度较高,研究证明遥感定量反演适合于长江流域武汉段泥沙含量大范围监测     

再生水补给型景观水体微生物健康风险评价——以圆明园为例

再生水作为景观水体的非常规补给水源被全球各个国家广泛使用,而其内病原微生物的存在可能会通过不同传输途径对人体健康产生一定的威胁.因此,本文以粪大肠菌群(Fecal Coliform,FC)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,EC)、肠球菌(Enterococcus,ENT)为研究对象,系统调查了圆明园景观水体...