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71.
72.
以间歇-分阶段进水方式进行了模拟酸雨柱式动态淋溶实验.结果表明,间歇-阶段性酸雨入侵会影响填埋飞灰中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的浸出行为;尤其间歇停滞期后的初期酸雨入侵会增加多数重金属的再浸出水平,且该部分重金属的释放主要源于前阶段酸雨侵蚀过程中所形成的非稳定性(弱酸态)重金属.各酸雨侵蚀阶段,部分重金属(如Pb-Zn)的浸出行为具有相关性,这与各重金属在飞灰基质内的赋存形态、矿物相稳定性及酸性侵蚀程度等有关.各阶段酸雨入侵会相继溶出飞灰中的可溶性(NaCl、KCl等)、难溶性氯盐(CaClOH)以及微溶性钙盐(CaSO4),并增加CaCO3和Ca-Al-Si-O等矿物的峰强.各阶段酸雨入侵会使初始飞灰表面的团簇状结构逐渐被酸性(H+)侵蚀作用破坏,并暴露出大量棒状或条形状CaCO3晶体,且随着酸雨入侵次数的增加,CaCO3也将逐渐被侵蚀破坏.本研究为非连续酸性降雨条件下填埋稳定化飞灰的重金属浸出行为评价及风险管控提供了科学依据. 相似文献
73.
Temporal variation of Synechococcus, its production (μ) and grazing loss (g) rates were studied for 2 years at nearshore stations, i.e. Port Dickson and Port Klang along the Straits of Malacca. Synechococcus abundance at Port Dickson (0.3–2.3 × 105 cell ml?1) was always higher than at Port Klang (0.3–7.1 × 104 cell ml?1) (p < 0.001). μ ranged up to 0.98 day?1 (0.51 ± 0.29 day?1), while g ranged from 0.02 to 0.31 day?1 (0.15 ± 0.07 day?1) at Port Klang. At Port Dickson, μ and g averaged 0.47 ± 0.13 day?1 (0.29–0.82 day?1) and 0.31 ± 0.14 day?1 (0.13–0.63 day?1), respectively. Synechococcus abundance did not correlate with temperature (p > 0.25), but nutrient and light availability were important factors for their distribution. The relationship was modelled as log Synechococcus = 0.37Secchi ? 0.01DIN + 4.52 where light availability (as Secchi disc depth) was a more important determinant. From a two-factorial experiment, nutrients were not significant for Synechococcus growth as in situ nutrient concentrations exceeded the threshold for saturated growth. However, light availability was important and elevated Synechococcus growth rates especially at Port Dickson (F = 5.94, p < 0.05). As for grazing loss rates, they were independent of either nutrients or light intensity (p > 0.30). In nearshore tropical waters, an estimated 69 % of Synechococcus production could be grazed. 相似文献
74.
挺水植物化感作用抑制藻类生长的机理与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据国内外挺水植物化感作用抑制藻类的研究,对菖蒲等15科20种挺水植物化感抑制水华鱼腥藻等18种水华藻类的作用予以评述;归纳了挺水植物化感作用在影响藻细胞亚显微结构、酶体系活性、呼吸作用、光合作用、细胞膜和细胞内小分子物质的含量等6方面的抑制藻类生长的机理;对移植栽种植物共培养、从植物中提取化感物质和直接施加化感物质等3种类型抑制藻类的应用方式进行概述;结合当前中国水华频发、抑藻和除藻任务繁重的现状,指出存在的主要问题并提出今后研究和应用化感作用抑制藻类的展望。 相似文献
75.
Characteristic, composition, and sources of TSP investigated by HRTEM/EDS and ESEM/EDS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhai Y Fu Z Wang L Zeng G Li C Chen H Lan Y Lu P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(11):6693-6707
Total suspended particle (TSP) collected at the fifth floor of House Dust in Hunan University, China, was analyzed in terms of microscopic morphology and chemical composition. The fine particles (50?nm-2?μm) in the TSP were analyzed by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (HRTEM/EDS). Results showed that the particles were in shapes of plate, irregular and agglomerate. Based on EDS results, these fine particulate matter was primarily composed of Fe-rich (35.82-61.29%), Ca-rich (30.18-36.77%) and Si-rich (18.95-32.28%) particles. Other elements mainly including Mg (0.47-4.97%), Al (0.45-14.57%), S (0.45-4.73%), K (1.13-2.13%) and Zn (0.67-3.85%) were also observed. The sources analysis indicated that the HRTEM particles mainly originated from coal combustion, traffic emission, vehicles exhaust emission and fugitive soil or cement particulate matter. The coarse particles (4-50?μm) were detected by environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray detector (ESEM/EDS). Based on a simple algorithm, ESEM particles were categorized into five groups: C-bearing (46.15%, 67% and 86.98%), Si + Ca-bearing (21.48?+?11.80%, 16.51?+?10.81% and 16.32?+?10.62%), Si + Al-bearing (20.06?+?12.40%, 20.16?+?11.22% and 15.31?+?11.25%), Si-bearing (34.40%, 26.92% and 27.15%) particles and aggregates, most of which exhibit obvious crystalline structure, and these ESEM particles mainly derived from vehicles exhaust emission, coal combustion, soil, and biomass burning, while the aggregates are indicative of atmospheric reaction progress. HRTEM/EDS and ESEM/EDS are mutual complementary in analyzing the characteristic and determining the sources of TSP. 相似文献
76.
Choon Weng Lee Joon Hai Lim Pei Li Heng 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):9697-9704
We sampled extensively (29 stations) at the Klang estuarine system over a 3-day scientific expedition. We measured physical and chemical variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, dissolved inorganic nutrients) and related them to the spatial distribution of phototrophic picoplankton (Ppico). Multivariate analysis of variance of the physicochemical variables showed the heterogeneity of the Klang estuarine system where the stations at each transect were significantly different (Rao’s F 18, 36?=?8.401, p?<?0.001). Correlation analyses also showed that variables related to Ppico abundance and growth were mutually exclusive. Distribution of Ppico was best explained by the physical mixing between freshwater and seawater whereas Ppico growth was correlated with temperature. 相似文献
77.
78.
Dongqi Wang Yanling He Jidong Liang Pei Liu Pengyu Zhuang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1041-1053
To study the status and source of aluminum (Al) contamination, a total of 21 sampling sites along six rivers near Xi’an City (Shaanxi province, China) were investigated during 2008–2010. The results indicated that the average concentration of total Al (Alt) in the six rivers increased by 1.6 times from 2008 to 2010. The spatial distribution of Alt concentrations in the rivers near Xi’an City was significantly different, ranged from 367 μg/L (Bahe River) to 1,978 μg/L (Taiping River). The Alt concentration was highest near an industrial area for pulp and paper-making (2,773 μg/L), where the Al level greatly exceeded the water quality criteria of both the USA (Criterion Continuous Concentration, 87 μg/L) and Canada (100 μg/L). The average concentration of inorganic monometric aluminum (Alim) was 72 μg/L which would pose threats to fishes and other aquatic lives in the rivers. The concentrations of exchangeable Al (Alex) in the sediment of the Taiping River sampled were relatively high, making it to be an alternative explanation of increasing Al concentrations in the rivers near Xi’an City. Furthermore, an increasing Al level has been detected in the upstream watershed near Xi’an City in recent years, which might indicate another notable pollution source of Al. 相似文献
79.
有机肥和化肥配施技术农户采纳意愿影响因素分析——基于苏、浙、皖三省农户调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究农户采纳有机肥和化肥配施技术意愿的主要影响因素,以风险规避理论为基础,通过建立二元Logistic回归模型,对苏浙皖3省596个农户样本的调研数据进行了分析。研究结果表明:户主年龄和是否有过特殊经历、农业从业人员占比、农户对过量施肥和有机肥的认知、政府是否对农业施肥技术进行过宣传对农户采纳有机肥和化肥配施技术的意愿具有显著影响。据此,提出了提高农户采纳有机肥和化肥配施技术意愿的政策建议:首先,政府应加大对有机肥和化肥配施技术的宣传和推广力度;其次,政府应协助相关组织解决有机肥当前面临的突出问题;最后,政府应完善相关政策的扶持力度。 相似文献
80.
以实际中药废水作为阳极基质、实际含镉废水作为阴极电解液,构建了连续流双室微生物燃料电池(MFC),考察了其产电性能及对两种废水的处理效果。78 d的运行数据表明:系统可实现最大输出电压417mV、最大体积功率密度11.8 W/m3,最大体积功率密度运行条件下的库伦效率为18.5%;在阳极进水有机物浓度变化较大的情况下,实现了阳极对中药废水中有机物的有效去除,平均COD去除率为81.5%;阴极对含镉废水中Cd2+的去除率为79.4%~84.8%。这表明MFC同步处理中药废水及重金属废水具有一定的可行性。 相似文献