Variation of low molecular weight organic acids in precipitation and cloudwater at high elevation in South China

To investigate the sources and chemical behaviors of carboxylic acids in Southern China, precipitation and corresponding cloudwater samples were collected in an acid rain-prone area of Mount Heng. The carboxylic acid levels in the samples were measured, and the concentration patterns were evaluated with respect to temporal and seasonal variations. Formic and acetic acids were predominant among the carboxylic acids identified for both precipitation and cloudwater. Most of the organic acids in the precipitation had a clear seasonal pattern, reaching higher levels during the warm season; these higher levels were attributed to the stronger source strength of biogenic emissions during this season. The cloud–fog samples did not display a similar trend. A distinctive diurnal pattern in carboxylic acids was only observed in the precipitation samples during the warm season. In cloud–fog, the ratio of formic to acetic acid differed considerably with time, with these values varying little in the precipitation samples. This result indicates that the organic acids in precipitation originate consistently from primary sources throughout the entire period, while those in cloud are mainly associated with direct emissions in the earlier stage and with secondary sources in the later period.     

基于MBR出水的纳滤预处理技术优化分析

针对再生水厂膜生物反应器(MBR)出水水质特征,对后续深度处理工艺中与纳滤组合的预处理技术进行筛选.通过对臭氧、活性炭、臭氧-活性炭3种预处理技术对比,分析3种预处理方式对有机物的去除效率及对分子尺寸的影响规律.实验结果表明,3种预处理技术对MBR出水中有机物的平均去除率分别为6.6%、31.7%和36.6%;市政污水...     

再生水厂原水水质在线预警系统研究与应用

再生水原水水质在线预警系统能够为再生水工艺安全、稳定的运行提供保障.以中国北方T市某再生水厂为例,分析再生水厂进水主要污染指标的变化规律,根据再生水厂的MBR处理工艺特征及要求,确定6项预警指标为pH、COD、TN、NH3-N、TP和SS.在原水水质在线监测系统的基础上,建立了基于神经网络的水质预测方法.结合实际运行情...     

废布料活性炭吸附典型染料动力学研究

研究了废布料活性炭从水溶液中吸附2种典型染料(酸性蓝62和活性艳蓝KN-R)的吸附特性,从动力学角度探讨了吸附机理.结果表明,废布料活性炭对2种染料的平衡吸附量(qc)均随着初始浓度的增加而升高,相同条件下,qc的大小顺序为酸性蓝62＞活性艳蓝KN-R.吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,对于酸性蓝62,粒子内扩散过程是该吸...     

Comparison of semi-aerobic and anaerobic degradation of refuse with recirculation after leachate treatment by aged refuse bioreactor

Two fresh refuse bioreactors (F1 and F2) were operated under semi-aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The leachate from the bioreactors F1 and F2 was introduced into the aged refuse bioreactors (A1 and A2), and the effluent from A1 and A2 was subsequently recirculated into F1 and F2, respectively. The effect of the semi-aerobic recirculation process on refuse degradation was investigated, comparing it with that of the anaerobic recirculation process. Results indicate that the semi-aerobic recirculation process can increase the accumulated net production of leachate and promote evaporation. The accumulated net production of refuse in F1 is 320 mL/kg and that of F2 is 248 mL/kg, with leachate reduction amounting to 315 and 244 mL/kg refuse, respectively. The leachate quantity reduction of semi-aerobic and anaerobic leachate recirculation process accounted for 98.4% and 98.3% of the accumulated net production of leachate, respectively. The semi-aerobic leachate recirculation process can improve the biodegradation of organic matter from fresh refuse and the reduction rate of the pollutant concentration in leachate. This should shorten considerably the time required to meet the discharge standard and the time of stabilization of the refuse as observed in the anaerobic recirculation process. It was predicted that the COD concentration of leachate from the anaerobic recirculation process would reach 1000 mg/L in the anaerobic recirculation process after 2.2 years, as for semi-aerobic leachate recirculation process it is about 100 days. Compared with anaerobic recirculation process, the semi-aerobic recirculation process is more effective on NH₃-N transformation and TN removal. The NH₃-N and TN concentration of F1 is far below those of F2 at the end of our experiment. Refuse settlement in the semi-aerobic recirculation process was faster than that in the anaerobic recirculation process. At the end of the experiment, refuse settlement ratios in the semi-aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors were 33.5% and 18%, respectively.     

提高炼油废水处理场的氨氮去除率

对炼油废水处理场现有工艺进行流程优化,将MBR装置调整在接触氧化池之后运行.优化流程后氨氮平均去除率可从近于0提高至71.70％;COD平均去除率可从50.00％提高至72.00％.通过对工艺流程的对比,分析了现有工艺氨氮质量浓度难以降低的原因,指出废水中存在的某些污染物对硝化细菌起到抑制作用,减少了反应器中硝化细菌的...     

燃煤电站SCR烟气脱硝工程技术关键问题研究

对SCR烟气脱硝催化剂的选择、脱硝系统旁路设置与脱硝装置流场模拟这三个当前我国燃煤电站SCR烟气脱硝工程技术中的关键问题进行了分析与探讨,并提出了解决措施,为提高脱硝工程技术水平、完善当前SCR烟气脱硝技术规范提供借鉴。     

微电解/斜板沉淀/生物接触氧化处理印刷电路板废水

根据某印刷电路板企业生产废水的水质特点,对废水进行分类收集处理后,采用微电解/斜板沉淀/生物接触氧化工艺处理综合废水。工程运行结果表明,该工艺处理效果稳定,出水水质符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)的一级排放标准。     

Effects of T-2 toxin on histopathology,fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) muscle

T-2 toxin (T-2), one of the naturally occurring mycotoxins, often accumulates in aquatic animals from contaminated feed. Shrimp (n?=?30 per group) were fed with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5 and 13.5?mg kg^?1) of T-2 for 20?days. Changes in histopathology, fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp muscle were analyzed. Histopathology of shrimp muscle showed dose-dependent marked degenerative and necrotic changes on exposure to dietary T-2. The T-2 significantly (P?<?0.05) affected the muscle fatty acid composition. ∑SFA, ∑MUFA and ∑PUFA initially decreased and then increased slowly in the high-dosed groups. C16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 were the main saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively. Also, T-2 significantly affected water distribution in shrimp muscle. High doses of T-2 reduced free water content, resulting in a reduction in the water holding capacity and hence changes to the shrimp muscle quality. Collectively, these results illustrated that T-2 significantly affects the fatty acid and water distribution, and also muscle histopathology, all of which would result in a reduction in the quality and nutritional value of shrimp.     

The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fetal growth has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of perinatal and postnatal health. Although the effects of maternal exposure to air...