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971.
972.
在分析我国报废汽车拆解与利用行业的发展现状、存在问题和严峻的环境影响基础上,依据循环经济的理念,吸取发达国家经验,并结合中国国情,对建立报废汽车拆解与利用循环产业模式进行了初步探讨,并对于汽车拆解与利用循环产业链的建设提出了相关建议. 相似文献
973.
Xiao Wu Jun Zhu Curtis Miller 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):477-485
Kinetics of H2 production from liquid swine manure supplemented with glucose by mixed anaerobic cultures was investigated using batch experiments under four different pH conditions (4.4, 5.0, 5.6, and uncontrolled). The temperature for the experiments was controlled at 37 ± 1°C and the length of experiments varied between 50 and 120 hours, depending upon the time needed for completion of each individual experiment. The modified Gompertz model was evaluated for its suitability for describing the H2 production potential, H2 production rate, and substrate consumption rate for all the experiments. The results showed that the Gompertz model could adequately fit the experimental results. The effect of pH was significant on all kinetic parameters for H2 production including yield, production rate and lag time, and the substrate utilization rate. The optimal pH was found to be 5.0, at which a maximum H2 production rate (0.64 L H2/h) was obtained, and deviation from the optimal pH could result in substantial reductions in H2 production rate (0.32 L H2/h for pH 4.0 and 0.43 L H2/h for pH 5.6). The results also showed that if pH was not controlled for the batch fermentation process, the substrate utilization efficiency could steeply decrease from 98.8% to 33.7%. 相似文献
974.
Changpeng Zhang Hua Zhao Lifeng Ping Xiaoming Cai Min Wu Hongmei He 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):319-323
This study investigated the degradation of rizazole in water-sediment systems (West Lake system, WL; Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal system, BG) with two different types of sediments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The half-lives of rizazole in the WL water phase (14.59–15.13 d) were similar to those in the BG water phase (15.90–16.46 d). Within 3–7 d, the rizazole concentration in the sediments reached the maximum values, i.e., equilibrium. Rizazole dissipation was faster in the WL sediment phase with higher organic matter content (T1/2 = 18.99–19.09 d) compared with the BG sediment phase (T1/2 = 31.08–33.32 d). Rizazole degradation was slightly faster in the West Lake water-sediment system (WL system) (T1/2 = 17.11–18.05 d) than in the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal water—sediment system (BG system) (T1/2 = 20.51–25.02 d). The aerobic degradation of rizazole was similar to its anaerobic degradation in the water-sediment system. The findings are useful to understand the behavior of pesticide in environment. 相似文献
975.
976.
Influence of Spartina alterniflora on the mobility of heavy metals in salt marsh sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yongjie Wang Limin Zhou Xiangmin Zheng Peng Qian Yonghong Wu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1675-1685
Using bio-disturbed sulphide to trace the mobility and transformation of Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in the sediments of the Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh in the Yangtze River Estuary, measurements were made of the seasonal variations of acid-volatile sulphide (AVS) and of the simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in the rhizosphere sediments. Microcosm incubation experiments recreating flooding conditions were conducted to evaluate the effect of AVS and other metal binding phases upon the dynamics of Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in the salt marsh sediments. The results demonstrate that the ratio values of SEM/AVS have a significant seasonal variation in the rhizosphere sediments and that the anoxic conditions in the sediments were likely enhanced by S. alterniflora during the summer and autumn compared with the anoxic conditions resulting from the native species Phragmites australis and Scirpus mariqueter. The incubation experiments suggest that Fe(III) and Mn(IV/III) (hydr)oxides provide important binding sites for heavy metals under oxic conditions, and sulphide provides important binding sites for the Cu and Pb under anoxic conditions. Our observations indicate that the mobility of heavy metals in the salt marsh sediments is strongly influenced by biogeochemical redox processes and that the invasive S. alterniflora may increase the seasonal fluctuation in heavy metal bioavailability in the salt marsh ecosystem. 相似文献
977.
Ming-Hong Wu Liang Tang Gang Xu Jing Ma Ning Liu Liang Wang Jian-Qiu Lei 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2651-2660
Fourteen and 17 sediment samples were collected from three main rivers of Shanghai in July and November, respectively. Eight polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209) were detected in these samples to clarify the pollution status in the metropolis. Instrumental analyses showed that the concentrations of ∑8PBDEs ranged from 10.97 to 64.05 ng/g dry weight (dw), with an average value of 29.71 ng/g dw. BDE-209 was the predominant congener accounting for more than 97 % of total PBDEs, followed by BDE-47 and BDE-99. Remarkable spatial and seasonal distributions of PBDE concentrations were observed, suggesting that local sources, seasonal climates, and hydrologic conditions might be the influencing factors. Moderate correlations (r 2?=?0.28–0.51, p?<?0.05) were found between total organic carbon and PBDEs, which indicated that organic carbon content influenced the distributions of PBDEs in sediment of Shanghai at some extent. Hazard quotients revealed PBDEs posed no potential risk to benthic organisms in the study area at present. 相似文献
978.
Xiaoxuan Jiang Yanlin Wu Peng Wang Hongjing Li Wenbo Dong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4947-4953
Degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution was studied with high-efficiency sulfate radical (SO4 ?·), which was generated by the activation of persulfate (S2O8 2?) with ferrous ion (Fe2+). S2O8 2? was activated by Fe2+ to produce SO4 ?·, and iron powder (Fe0) was used as a slow-releasing source of dissolved Fe2+. The major oxidation products of BPA were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. The mineralization efficiency of BPA was monitored by total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. BPA removal efficiency was improved by the increase of initial S2O8 2? or Fe2+ concentrations and then decreased with excess Fe2+ concentration. The adding mode of Fe2+ had significant impact on BPA degradation and mineralization. BPA removal rates increased from 49 to 97 % with sequential addition of Fe2+, while complete degradation was observed with continuous diffusion of Fe2+, and the latter achieved higher TOC removal rate. When Fe0 was employed as a slow-releasing source of dissolved Fe2+, 100 % of BPA degradation efficiency was achieved, and the highest removal rate of TOC (85 %) was obtained within 2 h. In the Fe0–S2O8 2? system, Fe0 as the activator of S2O8 2? could offer sustainable oxidation for BPA, and higher TOC removal rate was achieved. It was proved that Fe0–S2O8 2? system has perspective for future works. 相似文献
979.
Yangyang Wang Zhihui Yang Bing Peng Liyuan Chai Baolin Wu Ruiping Wu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5593-5602
Chromite ore processing residues (COPR) is the source of the Cr(VI) contamination in the environment. Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB was used to treat two different types of COPRs in this research. The water-soluble Cr(VI) of COPR A and B is 3,982.9 and 1,181.4 mg/kg, respectively. In the column biotreatment process, P. phragmitetus BB can reduce Cr(VI) in the leachate to an undetectable level at the flow rate of 1 and 2 ml/min. In the direct biotreatment process, Cr(VI) in the liquid supernatant of COPR A and B decreased from 265 and 200 mg/l to 145 and 40 mg/kg after 240 h of incubation. In one-step and two-step biotreatment processes, Cr(VI) in the liquid supernatant of both COPRs can be reduced to an undetectable level. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure results indicate that the Cr(VI) concentration of treated COPR A (3.48 mg/l) is lower than the identification standards for hazardous wastes of China (5 mg/l) (GB 5085.6-2007). The information obtained in this study has significance for the application of P. phragmitetus BB to remediate COPR contamination. 相似文献
980.
Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and DDTs in Dianchi Lake, an urban lake in Southwest China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jian-yang Guo Feng-chang Wu Hai-qing Liao Xiao-li Zhao Wen Li Jing Wang Li-fang Wang John P. Giesy 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5471-5480
Unique time trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were found in a dated sediment core from Dianchi Lake (DC), an urban lake in Southwest China. The temporal trend of PAHs in DC was not only different from those in China's coastline and remote lakes of China, but also different from those in more developed countries. Identification of sources suggested that PAHs in DC originated primarily from domestic combustion of coal and biomass. However, a change of source from low- and moderate-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion processes was observed. Different from those in China's coastline and some developed countries, the temporal trend of DDTs in DC mirrored the historical usage of DDTs in China, with erosion of soils and surface runoff from its drainage area the most likely routes of DDT introduction to the lake. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in its catchment, effective interception of point-source pollution, and changes in sources of energy during the last few decades have significantly influenced the vertical profiles of PAHs in DC. 相似文献