实验条件对固定化铁粉填料除Cr(Ⅵ)特性的影响

Fe0与Cr(Ⅵ)反应,Fe0极易团聚,利用率极低。通过运用海藻酸钠(SA)固定化铁粉(SAC)来克服Fe0易团聚、利用率低的缺陷。实验结果表明:固定化材料的应用能显著提高零价铁去除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力。FEI电镜扫描及EDX能谱分析结果表明,SA跟2价金属阳离子Ca2+交联形成孔隙结构,不仅为铁粉的附着提供了大量的吸附点位,还可使Cr(Ⅵ)进入到内部与铁粉反应。温度在10²0℃对固定化铁粉填料的除铬性能影响不大;摇床速率越快此填料除铬速率越快,但对Fe0的最终利用率影响不大;pH对填料除铬性能影响很大,酸性条件下去除率最高;此填料在一定程度上会提高含铬废水的pH,但最终都在中性范围波动。     

Field monitoring of a LID-BMP treatment train system in China

In order to assess the urban runoff control effectiveness of a low-impact development best management practice (LID-BMP) treatment train system, a field test of selected LID-BMPs was conducted in China. The LID-BMPs selected include three grassed swales, a buffer strip, a bioretention cell, two infiltration pits, and a constructed wetland. The test site is in a campus in southern China. The LID-BMPs, connected in a series, received stormwater runoff from four tennis courts with an area of 2808 m² and eight basketball courts with an area of 4864 m². Construction of the LID-BMPs was completed in early spring of 2012, and the sampling was conducted during May of 2012 to September of 2013. During the sampling effort, besides the performance evaluations of grassed swales and the bioretention cell in controlling runoff quantity as well as quality, the emphasis was also on determining the performance of the LID-BMP treatment train system. A total of 19 storm events were monitored, with nine producing no runoff and ten producing runoff. Data collected from the ten storm events were analyzed for estimating runoff quantity (peak flow rate and total runoff volume) and quality reduction by the LID-BMPs. The sum of loads (SOL) method was used for calculating the water quality performance of LID-BMPs. Results indicated that, for peak flow rate, a bioretention cell reduction of 50–84 % was obtained, and grassed swale reduction was 17–79 %, with a runoff volume reduction of 47–80 and 9–74 %, respectively. For water quality, the bioretention cell in general showed good removal for zinc (nearly 100 %), copper (69 %), NH₃-N (ammonia nitrogen) (51 %), and total nitrogen (TN) (49 %); fair removal for chemical oxygen demand (COD) (18 %); and poor removal for total suspended solids (TSS) (?11 %) and total phosphorus (TP) (?21 %). And its performance effectiveness for pollutant removal increased in the second year after 1 year of stabilizing. When considering the aggregated effect of the LID-BMP treatment train system, it showed excellent removal for NH₃-N (73 %), TN (74 %), and TP (95 %) and fair removal for COD (19 %) and TSS (35 %). The assessment results of the LID-BMP treatment train system provide valuable information on how to link the different types of LID-BMP facilities and maximize the integrated effectiveness on urban runoff control.     

The metabolism of neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam by soil enrichment cultures,and the bacterial diversity and plant growth‐promoting properties of the cultured isolates

A soil enrichment culture (SEC) rapidly degraded 96% of 200 mg L^?1 neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam (TMX) in MSM broth within 30 d; therefore, its metabolic pathway of TMX, bacterial diversity and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) activities of the cultured isolates were studied. The SEC transformed TMX via the nitro reduction pathway to form nitrso, urea metabolites and via cleavage of the oxadiazine cycle to form a new metabolite, hydroxyl CLO‐tri. In addition, 16S rRNA gene‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that uncultured rhizobacteria are predominant in the SEC broth and that 77.8% of the identified bacteria belonged to uncultured bacteria. A total of 31 cultured bacterial strains including six genera (Achromobacter, Agromyces, Ensifer, Mesorhizobium, Microbacterium and Pseudoxanthomonas) were isolated from the SEC broth. The 12 strains of Ensifer adhaerens have the ability to degrade TMX. All six selected bacteria showed PGPR activities. E. adhaerens TMX‐23 and Agromyces mediolanus TMX‐25 produced indole‐3‐acetic acid, whereas E. adhaerens TMX‐23 and Mesorhizobium alhagi TMX‐36 are N₂‐fixing bacteria. The six‐isolated microbes were tolerant to 200 mg L^?1 TMX, and the growth of E. adhaerens was significantly enhanced by TMX, whereas that of Achromobacter sp. TMX‐5 and Microbacterium sp.TMX‐6 were enhanced slightly. The present study will help to explain the fate of TMX in the environment and its microbial degradation mechanism, as well as to facilitate future investigations of the mechanism through which TMX enhances plant vigor.     

径迹法累积测定室内外氡浓度

使用ＣＲ－３９探测器和探杯型氡监测器,对本所办公楼地下室及办公室内外氡浓度进行了２－６个月春夏秋冬不同季节的累积测定。对收集后的ＣＲ－３９随机扫描读数方式对结果的影响做了比较。结果表明地下室氡浓度高于其他层,室内高于室外。除个别情况外,随机扫描的影响在统计涨落范围内。     

苯抽提装置火炬管线冻堵原因分析及处理措施

中国石化中原石油化工有限责任公司（以下简称中原乙烯）为拉长产业链,2004年7月建成苯抽提装置,采用石油化工科学研究院开发的环丁砜抽提蒸馏分离苯专利技术,设计处理裂解加氢汽油10×10^4t／a,生产纯苯5．1×10^4t／a。自投产以来,因苯检验罐、抽提蒸馏塔、密闭式取样器等主要设备排放火炬管线设计不合理,火炬管网不断出现波动,严重影响了苯抽提装置的平稳操作,经过对产生火炬管网波动原因的分析,并采取相应技术改造措施,恢复了苯抽提装置平稳操作。     

高价离子还原菌还原机理及研究进展

高价离子还原菌普遍存在于自然环境中,它们在环境的原位修复中起着非常重要的作用。本文主要介绍了三种典型的高价离子还原菌：异化Fe（III）还原菌（IRB）、硝酸盐还原菌及硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）,分别以Fe3＋、N03-和SO4^2-为电子受体,以有机物作为电子供体,在将高价离子还原的同时,达到对污染环境的修复作用。文章综述了此类细菌的特性、作用机理、影响因素以及在国内外实际中的应用,分析了异化Fe（III）还原菌、硝酸盐还原菌及硫酸盐还原菌的异同点,并对该类细菌在环境污染治理中的发展趋势进行了评述。     

碳化硅陶瓷膜管对PM_(2.5)捕集性能的实验研究

PM2.5因其粒径小、吸附能力强、输送距离远、环境危害大,同时捕集困难而成为世界各国共同关注的大气环境问题。以涂氧化铝膜的碳化硅陶瓷膜管(孔隙率28.16%,平均孔径20μm,过滤面积0.28 m2)为过滤元件,搭建了PM2.5捕集的实验装置,对膜管的过滤时间、通量与阻力降的关系以及捕集效率与时间的关系和膜污染控制方面进行了研究。结果表明:随过滤时间增加,通量逐渐减小,阻力降逐渐增大,捕集效率逐渐增大,对PM2.5捕集效率高达99.9%;对膜污染控制参数优化后反吹压强选定为0.8 MPa,反吹间隔时间为10 min,反吹时间为14 s。     

长江重庆段溶解性有机物的荧光特性分析

利用三维荧光光谱(EEMs),并结合平行因子分析(PARAFAC)及主成分分析(PCA),研究了长江重庆段溶解有机物(DOM)的荧光组分特征及其污染来源,并探讨了荧光强度同溶解性有机碳(DOC)及溶解氧(DO)的相关性.结果表明,PARAFAC模型识别出长江重庆段DOM由2类6个荧光组分组成,即类腐殖质荧光组分C1(350/422 nm)、C4(245,305/395 nm)、C5(260,340/420 nm)、C6(260/480 nm)及类蛋白荧光组分C2(275/300 nm)、C3(227,278/329 nm).在DOM来源组成中,陆源的类腐殖质含量占62.56%,类蛋白物质含量占31.31%.类腐殖质组分的荧光强度同DOC的含量存在明显的线性正相关(r=0.73),类蛋白组分的荧光强度同DO的含量呈明显的线性负相关(r=0.80).EEMs-PARAFAC不仅可以表征长江重庆段DOM的光谱特征,示踪长江重庆段的有机污染程度,还可以为三峡库区水体保护提供依据.     

海藻酸钠固定化包埋微生物处理有机微污染源水

以黄浦江水为处理源水 ,将筛选出的菌种用海藻酸钠为载体进行固定化包埋 ;对间歇式处理体系中菌体浓度 ,处理温度以及起始 TOC浓度对有机物降解效果的影响进行实验 .结果表明 ,菌体浓度为 1g/L～2g/L,处理温度为 20℃时 ,包埋颗粒性状保持较好 ,对源水中起始浓度在 10mg/L～15mg/L之间的 TOC具有20%～30%的降解率 ;温度升高 ,明显缩短颗粒使用寿命 ;而菌体浓度增加对处理效果没有增强作用 .另外 ,以菌 TD2和 TD4包埋颗粒为例 ,测试发现经 48h处理 ,其对源水中浓度为53.4μg/L酚具有 90%左右的降解率 .     

海上含聚油泥处理后泥水的回注

采用热化学法处理某海上平台含聚油泥(矿物含量(w)1.30%~3.74%,聚合物含量(w)3.37%~7.42%),研究了反应后分离出的泥水的回注性能,并进行了现场回注试验。实验结果表明:泥水经研磨细化处理后,95%(w)的细化污泥粒径不超过7.86μm,远小于注入地层的平均孔喉直径;在含聚量为1 750 mg/L的注聚液中加入500 mg/L的细化污泥,65℃(油藏温度)下,细化污泥在注聚液中具有很好的稳定性,体系黏度变化小;泥水中的污水与注聚液、采出污水、现场采出液处理系统中使用的各种药剂的配伍性好。现场试验结果表明,将泥水加入注聚液中进行回注,注入井压力保持稳定。