枯草芽孢杆菌胞外蛋白酶突变株的筛选及其拮抗作用

从小麦根际土壤中分离到一株对多种植物病原真菌有拮抗作用且产蛋白酶的枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis T2.经紫外线(UV)和硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变处理,获得具有良好遗传稳定性的蛋白酶正负突变株.与出发菌株相比,培养48 h的正突变株胞外蛋白酶活力提高108.5%,负突变株蛋白酶活力降低81.1%,而二者的几丁质酶和β-1.3-葡聚糖酶活力均无显著变化.正突变株对棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Vasinfectum)的平板拮抗作用增强,其粗酶液可使该菌菌丝变形膨大成珠状、原生质浓缩,萌发的孢子芽管短且畸形膨大;负突变株对该菌的平板拮抗作用显著降低,粗酶液对该菌菌丝和孢子的形态无明显作用.表明提高生防芽孢杆菌胞外蛋白酶的活力可增强其拮抗病原真菌的能力.     

大型公用建筑火灾中人员疏散的模拟计算分析

根据火灾发展和人员行动的时间线,对建筑火灾中人员疏散的要求进行了分析,结合某礼堂的结构特点,讨论了火灾释热速率和危险临界条件的设定方法。并按模拟计算结果,对其可能火灾中影响人员疏散的因素给出半定量评价。     

煤矿综采放顶煤工作面高浓度粉尘的综合防治

煤矿综采放顶煤工作面开采强度大、产尘尘源多、粉尘浓度高,因而对尘毒的治理难度大。为此,提出了治理的总体思路、防治方案并在几十个煤矿综采放顶煤工作面推广,取得了很好的效果。     

The role of condensed organic matter in the nonlinear sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants by a peat and sediments

This study examines the effect of soil organic matter heterogeneity on equilibrium sorption and desorption of phenanthrene, naphthalene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB), and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) by soils and sediments. Two estuary sediments, a Pahokee peat (PP; Euic, hyperthermic Lithic Haplosaprist), and two subsamples (base- and acid-treated peat [TP] and acid-treated peat [FP]) of the peat were used as the sorbents. The contents of black carbon particles were quantified with a chemical extraction method. Petrographical examinations revealed the presence of the condensed soil and sediment organic matter (SOM) in Pahokee peat. The Freundlich isotherm model in two different forms was used to fit both sorption and desorption data. The results show that the sorption and desorption isotherms are generally nonlinear and that the apparent sorption-desorption hysteresis is present for phenanthrene and TCB. Detailed analysis of sorption data for the tested sorbent-sorbate systems indicates that black carbon is probably responsible for sorption isotherm nonlinearity for the two sediments, whereas the humic substances and kerogen may play the dominant role in nonlinear sorption by the peat. This investigation suggests that the microporosity of SOM is important for the hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) sorption capacity on the peat.     

不同基质人工湿地处理含氨氮地下水过程中氮素形态转化的时空特征

构建火山岩、砾石、沸石、椰壳活性炭、K3悬浮填料和聚氨酯泡沫为基质的6组实验室规模垂直流人工湿地,对比分析各湿地系统对含氨氮地下水的净化效果,同时考察不同基质湿地系统在一个水力停留时间(48 h)内氮素形态转化的时空特征.结果表明:沸石湿地系统对氨氮、T N的去除效果最好,平均去除率分别为97.39％、94.26％,聚...     

An improved method used for evaluating potential environmental pollution risk based on spatial distribution and density of farms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The livestock manure nitrogen load on farmland (LMNLF) is often used to assess the potential environmental pollution risk of livestock manure nitrogen...     

镧改性凹凸棒土再生效果研究

以吸附磷酸盐的镧改性凹凸棒土为研究对象,通过试验研究了pH、再生时间、再生温度及再生次数对镧改性凹凸棒土再生效果的影响。结果表明:碱性条件有利于改性凹凸棒土的再生,pH为8时,再生效果最佳;再生时间为30 min时,再生率超过90%,继续增加再生时间,再生率增长缓慢;再生温度升高会增加改性凹凸棒土的再生率及损失率,30 ℃时再生率较高、损失率较低;再生6次后改性凹凸棒土的性能破坏严重。综合考虑,改性凹凸棒土的最佳再生条件是pH为8,再生温度为30 ℃,再生时间为30 min,再生次数为6次。     

热闷钢渣用单轨移动罩车的设计

根据钢渣热闷工艺要求进行单轨移动罩车的结构设计与行走装置的设计,通过三维建模软件及理论力学分析计算此罩车的配重及质心,使罩车与导向装置接触处的压力最小,且罩车施加给低地轨的横向静摩擦力最小。通过此方法设计的单轨移动罩车能大大改善钢渣热闷厂房的工作环境,减少厂房的腐蚀,提高厂房屋顶的寿命周期。     

Perverse Incentive Structure and Policy Implementation Gap in China's Local Environmental Politics

The obvious paradox within China's environmental politics is the big gap between the central government's policy and its implementation outcomes at local levels. Despite concerns about implementation at the local level, much about the role of central governments in China's local environmental politics is still poorly understood. This article examines how the incentive structure set by the central authorities affects the policy implementation gap at the local level. Drawing on fieldwork and document analysis, this article argues that the incentives set by the central government regarding environmental policy implementation at local levels are perversely structured, meaning that the central government provides much more incentive for local governments' non-implementation or poor implementation of its environmental policies than it provides for full implementation. The central government's failure to encourage—politically, financially, as well as morally—local government officials to appropriately implement environmental policies can partly explain the production of the policy implementation gap at the local level. This implementation gap cannot be overcome by efforts at the local level unless the central government takes significant measures to address the perverse incentive structure embedded in the overall structure of China's local environmental politics.