江蓠生长对甲壳素废水的净化作用

探索小型水泥池中甲壳素废水对江蓠生长的影响以及江蓠生长对甲壳素废水的净化作用，在1m^3水泥池中放养100g长度为5cm的江蓠，充气并加入不同比例的甲壳素废水，平行2组；加入同一比例甲壳素废水，以不同温度进行处理，平行1组。结果表明：在10：1的甲壳素废水中，江蓠生长的适宜温度为26℃左右；甲壳素废水的浓度影响江蓠的生长率，第10d时，添加10：2的浓度有效高的生长率；江蓠在浓度为10：10废水的生长过程中，第3d对CODCr、BOD5去除率最佳，分别为65．8％、52．1％。通过江蓠生长与自然条件下的废水净化效果的比较，江蓠的正常生长能使甲壳素废水达到排放标准。     

间歇式潜流人工湿地中COD、NH_4-N动态变化特征

采用酸化、两段间歇流人工湿地处理生活污水。废水经酸化预处理后 ,COD平均去除率 30 % ,NH4 N平均去除率 13 6 3%。第 1段人工湿地为潜流 ,周期 12h ,进水 6h ,排水 6h ,水力停留时间 (HRT) 3d ,COD去除率 6 0 %～ 80 % ,最高达 88 5 6 % ;NH4 N去除率 5 0 %～ 70 %。第 2段人工湿地为下行流 ,周期 2 4h,进水 12h ,排水 12h ,HRT 1d ,COD平均去除率 5 3 2 % ;NH4 N平均去除率大于 99%。对第 1段湿地中COD、NH4 N空间变化的研究表明 ,间歇运行所产生的大气复氧对COD、NH4 N的去除具有明显的强化作用。COD的去除基本不受温度影响 ,而NH4 N的去除受温度影响较大     

Modified nanoscale zero-valent iron in persulfate activation for organic pollution remediation: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Under the action of different activators, persulfate can produce sulfate radicals (SO4·–) with strong oxidizing ability, which can destruct...     

Comparative investigation of toxicity induced by UV-A and UV-C radiation using Allium test

Organisms are increasingly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays of sunlight, due to the thinning of the ozone layer and its widespread use in sterilization processes, especially against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the damages of UV-A and UV-C radiations in Allium cepa L. roots. The effects of two different types of UV on some physiological, biochemical, cytogenotoxic, and anatomical parameters were investigated in a multifaceted study. Three groups were formed from Allium bulbs, one of which was the control group. One of the other groups was exposed to 254 nm (UV-C) and the other to 365 nm (UV-A) UV. Growth retardation effect of UV was investigated with respect to germination percentage, total weight gain, and root elongation, while cytogenotoxicity arisen from UV exposure was analyzed using mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) frequency. Oxidative stress due to UV application was investigated based on the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the total activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes. Also, anatomical changes induced by UV-A and UV-C were analyzed in root meristematic cells. UV treatments caused significant reductions in growth-related parameters. Both UV treatments caused a significant increase in MDA levels and induction of SOD and CAT enzymes in root meristematic cells. A decrease in MI and an increase in the frequency of MN and CAs were observed in root tip cells, indicating the cytogenotoxic effect of UV application. Anatomical damages such as epidermis cell damage, cortex cell damage, necrotic zones, giant cell nucleus, and indistinct transmission tissue occurred in cells exposed to UV. All of the physiological, biochemical, cytogenetic, and anatomical damages observed in this study were more severe in cells treated with UV-C compared to UV-A. This study suggested that UV exposure triggered growth inhibition, cytogenotoxicity, oxidative stress, and meristematic cell damages in A. cepa roots depending on the wavelength.

     

N-doped carbon fibers in situ prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of Camellia sinensis branches waste for efficient removal of heavy metal ions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - N-doped carbon fibers (NCFs) were in situ prepared by Camellia sinensis branches waste through hydrothermal carbonization with urea/ZnCl2 at...     

Impact of Urban Sprawl on Water Quality in Eastern Massachusetts,USA

A study of water quality, land use, and population variations over the past three decades was conducted in eastern Massachusetts to examine the impact of urban sprawl on water quality using geographic information system and statistical analyses. Since 1970, eastern Massachusetts has experienced pronounced urban sprawl, which has a substantial impact on water quality. High spatial correlations are found between water quality indicators (especially specific conductance, dissolved ions, including Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl, and dissolved solid) and urban sprawl indicators. Urbanized watersheds with high population density, high percentage of developed land use, and low per capita developed land use tended to have high concentrations of water pollutants. The impact of urban sprawl also shows clear spatial difference between suburban areas and central cities: The central cities experienced lower increases over time in specific conductance concentration, compared to suburban and rural areas. The impact of urban sprawl on water quality is attributed to the combined effects of population and land-use change. Per capita developed land use is a very important indicator for studying the impact of urban sprawl and improving land use and watershed management, because inclusion of this indicator can better explain the temporal and spatial variations of more water quality parameters than using individual land use or/and population density.     

城市污水处理厂恶臭浓度分布规律及其防治措施

城市污水处理厂的主要大气污染物之一为恶臭污染,恶臭问题已经成为环境领域的一个重要研究课题。恶臭污染物的来源主要是初沉池等水流湍动处,其成分主要是含氮化合物、含硫化合物、含氧有机物等。分析了恶臭污染物的来源、成分和浓度分布等,对确定城市污水处理厂的卫生防护距离进行了讨论,并介绍了目前国内外主要恶臭污染防治措施。湿式吸收氧化法和生物过滤法这两种技术是当前发展和应用的方向。     

自制悬浮物过滤器及其在悬浮物测定中的应用

本文自制悬浮物过滤器，并提出了一种简便的悬浮物标准样品的制备方法。地表水滤液的吸光度值表明，自制悬浮物过滤器藏留悬浮物效果令人满意。该法加标回收率为95．4％～106．8％，检出限为3．2mg／L。尤其适合于强酸、强碱和强氧化性废水中悬浮物的测定。