曝气生物滤池快速启动和活性保持性能研究

研究了两级曝气生物滤池处理生活污水时各级的快速启动和在低负荷下活性保持的能力,考察了出水中主要污染物和生物滤池内生物量随时间的变化情况。结果表明,碳氧化生物滤池从低负荷恢复时,所需要的时间与活性保持时的负荷大小有关,负荷越小,所需要的时间越长。在极端情况下,恢复时间接近一次完全启动的时间,因此碳氧化生物滤池的低负荷维持并没有太大的实际意义。而硝化生物滤池在低负荷下活性保持良好,重新启动仅需要完全启动1/10的时间,这就有可能以低成本实现硝化生物滤池的活性保持。     

剩余污泥的电化学稳定实验研究

研究了电化学法对城市剩余污泥稳定化的影响。结果表明,以钛涂钌电极为阳极、不锈钢板为阴极,在极板间距为2cm,电压为20V,曝气量为3L/h的条件下,电解20min,其挥发性悬浮物质(VSS)去除效率可达39%,加酸调节pH值至4左右时,其电解效率则可达40%以上,同时,污泥病原体达到未检出水平。     

UniTank工艺流程氨氮浓度的动态特征

利用基于ASM2D的数学模型对上海石洞口污水厂UniTank工艺内氨氮浓度的动态特性进行了仿真研究,发现该流程反应器氨氮浓度具有非稳态特征.反应器内氨氮浓度的变化规律与曝气时间设定及进水时间设定有关.增加曝气强度,能降低边池及中池的氨氮浓度,相应增大边池及中池的硝态氮浓度.     

流动注射催化光度法测定环境水样中的痕量亚硝酸根

基于在pH为2.7的一氯乙酸缓冲溶液中亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化亮绿具有催化作用,建立了测定环境水样中痕量亚硝酸根的流动注射催化光度法。在室温下,当溴酸钾浓度为0.15mol/L、亮绿溶液浓度为1.12×10-3mol/L时,该方法的线性范围为0.04～0.36mg/L,检出限为7.44×10-4mg/L,测定频率为60次/h,相对标准偏差为1.1%(n=11)。     

Composting of municipal solid waste by different methods improved the growth of vegetables and reduced the health risks of cadmium and lead

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Reutilization of putrescible municipal solid wastes (MSW) in agriculture can provide valuable plant nutrients. However, it may pose serious...     

Comparison of different sequential extraction procedures for mercury fractionation in polluted soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Three sequential extraction procedures (SEPs), modified Tessier, modified BCR, and CIEMAT, were compared for mercury fractionation in polluted soils....     

1984～2017年太湖岛屿的动态变化及驱动因子分析

近些年来,围堰、跨区域调水、清淤等人类活动导致太湖中的岛屿面积的变化及其边界的迁移。基于Landsat遥感影像探究太湖内岛屿面积的变化趋势及边界的迁移方向,一定程度上反映人为因素对岛屿动态变化的的影响,进而指导太湖治理工作。通过波段分析、非监督分类以及分类后处理的方法从Landsat影像中提取岛屿信息,获得1984～2017年不同时期的岛屿面积和边界数据,并对岛屿面积和边界数据进行动态变化趋势的分析,最终结合从文献、年鉴和其他与太湖相关资料中总结的与太湖岛屿相关的人为活动信息分析引起太湖主要岛屿动态变化的原因。研究表明:小贡山、漫山岛和三山岛屿总面积均呈下降趋势,但下降程度与年际间波动幅度不同,岛屿面积变化的人为驱动因素可归纳为清淤和旅游开发,自然驱动因子为流水侵蚀;岛屿边界的迁移与"禁止围网养殖"、"湿地公园建设"等政策实施呈现显著相关性,且具体变化与政策颁布之间存在时间上的滞后性。     

Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of sediment metals in a highly industrialized coastal zone southwestern Taiwan

Spatial variations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the surface sediments from 34 stations of the Kaohsiung coastal zone southwestern Taiwan were studied to address the current pollution status, sediment quality, and potential ecological risk. The study revealed that the concentrations of sediment metals in Kaohsiung Harbor were alarmingly high compared to the other region of Kaohsiung coast. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the harbor sediments were as high as 351, 247, 1.93, 61.8, 60.9, and 940 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The current situation of metal pollution was assessed by different pollution indices and results showed moderate to severe enrichment of Cu, Hg, and Zn in the harbor sediments. According to the degree of contamination, pollution load index, and contamination severity index, the sediments from the inner Kaohsiung Harbor show high degree and high severity of metal contamination, while the rest of Kaohsiung coastal areas show uncontaminated or low-level pollution. Results of mean ERM quotient and potential ecological risk index also indicated that the harbor sediments posed a 49% probability of biological toxicity and very high ecological risk. The toxic units indicated that the negative biological effects of the six metals in the harbor sediments were Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Hg > Pb. In contrast to Kaohsiung Harbor as a trap where considerable amount of anthropogenic metal loadings accumulated in sediments, low metal concentrations were observed in most Kaohsiung coastal sediments. It probably resulted from the limited fine-grained sediment deposition. In the wave-dominated Kaohsiung coastal zone, fine-grained sediments associated with polluted metals tend to be easily resuspended and transported offshore via waves and wave-induced currents. The results of this study can provide valuable information for river and coastal zone management.

     

千岛湖水源水微生物安全性评价

千岛湖作为国家战略水源地,其微生物安全直接关系到千万居民的用水安全.为了研究千岛湖湖水的生物安全性,于2018-2019年采集了金竹牌取水口不同深度的水样,并检测了水样的可生物降解溶解性有机碳(BDOC)、细菌再生长的潜力(BGP)、可培养细菌数、潜在的条件致病菌和细菌群落结构.结果显示,千岛湖水质属地表水Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水,...     

流动注射分光光度法测定水中铝的含量

以桑色素作显色剂,采用流动注射分光光度法测定水中铝的含量。在桑色素质量浓度为0．8g／L、聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚体积分数为1．0％、进样环体积为400μL、检测波长420nm的条件下,采用流动注射分光光度法对水中铝的含量进行测定,本方法的线性范围为2～300μg／L,检出限（信噪比为3）为0．124μg／L,相对标准偏差为2．9％,加标回收率为96．4％～101．8％。