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71.
Armenuhi Heqimyan Lilia Narinyan Anna Nikoghosyan Anush Deghoyan Lianna Yeganyan Sinerik Ayrapetyan 《The Environmentalist》2012,32(2):228-235
Age dependency of [3H]-ouabain binding, 45Ca2+ eflux and its magnetosensitivity in rats’ brain cortex and heart muscle tissues were studied. Curves of dose-dependent [3H]-ouabain binding consisted of three components with different affinities (10−7–10−4 M (α1); 10−9–10−7 M (α2); and 10−11–10−9 M (α3)). These curves were also characterized by different dose-dependent kinetics. [3H]-ouabain binding with α3 receptors in brain cortex and heart muscle tissues of young and adult animals had a dose-dependent character, while that
in old ones had a dose-independent character. A 0.2 T static magnetic field (SMF) exposure had modulation effect on ouabain
binding with α1, α2 and α3 receptors in young rats, while in adult ones, only α3 receptors were magnetosensitive. In old animals, SMF exposure had no significant effect on ouabain binding with α3 receptors in brain cortex, while in heart muscle, it had inhibitory effect on it. Age-dependent effect of ouabain impact
on 45Ca2+ efflux showed that all concentrations of ouabain lead to inhibitory effect in young animals’ brain cortex and heart muscle
(with the exception of 10−10 and 10−6 M), while in old ones, it had activation effect as compared with data received without ouabain. SMF exposure in young animals
had activation effect on 45Ca2+ efflux from brain cortex and heart muscle in data without ouabain, and in old rats, 45Ca2+ efflux from brain cortex was magnetic insensitive. In old animals, SMF increased 45Ca2+ efflux even after extra low concentration of ouabain. It is suggested that α3 receptors having a crucial role in the regulation of Na+/Ca2+ exchange serve as age-dependent magnetosensors of excitable cells. 相似文献
72.
Organochlorine pesticides are persistent lipophilic organic pollutants and tend to accumulate in growing plants. During growth, cork is in contact with the open air for long periods (9-12 years). Owing to the previous widespread use of organochlorine pesticides and their high persistence in the environment, there is a risk that residues of such pesticides may be present in cork.In this study, the concentrations of 14 organochlorine pesticides—all of which are indicators of environmental pollution—were analyzed in cork bark samples from three regions in Spain and one in Portugal. In addition, the concentrations of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) were also analyzed.Our results show only very low concentrations of lindane, γ-HCH (<2.6 ng g−1) and its byproducts α-HCH (<3.5 ng g−1) and β-HCH (<0.6 ng g−1).Among the DDT and its metabolites, only two were found: p,p′-DDT was found in a cork sample from Extremadura (0.1 ng g−1) and p,p′-DDE was present at a maximum concentration of 2.9 ng g−1 in a cork sample from Castile-La Mancha. However, all concentrations were well below the legal limit established by Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005 (10 ng g−1 in foodstuffs). We can conclude, therefore, that the cork samples we studied complied with food safety standards. 相似文献
73.
Chlorinated and brominated organic contaminants in fish from Shanghai markets: a case study of human exposure 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Qiu Y Strid A Bignert A Zhu Z Zhao J Athanasiadou M Athanassiadis I Bergman Å 《Chemosphere》2012,89(4):458-466
In the present study were two favorite edible fish species for local residents, i.e., mandarin fish and crawfish, collected from the Shanghai market and analyzed for selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs). Efforts were also made to identify the potential sources of these contaminants. Comparable concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and HBCDD were found in muscle tissue of mandarin fish from Guangdong (GDF), the Pearl River Delta and from Taihu Lake (TLF), the Yangtze River Delta. Levels of chlordanes, PCBs and PBDEs were about one magnitude lower in TLF compared to GDF. The concentrations of OCPs in the butter-like gland of the crawfish (CFB) were 2-5 times of those in the crawfish muscle (CFM) while concentrations of PCBs, PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs were comparable. The different patterns and levels of chlorinated and brominated organohalogen contaminants seen in mandarin fish from GDF and TLF indicates that different types of chemicals might be used in the two delta regions. The present study also shows a good correlation between the concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachloroanisol (PCA) in fish for the first time. Fish consumption limits based on chemical contaminants with non-carcinogenic effects were calculated. The estimated maximum daily consumption limit for GDF, TLF, CFM and CFB were 1.5, 2.6, 3.7 and 0.08 kg, respectively, indicating no significant risk regarding the persistent organic pollutants measured in the present study. 相似文献
74.
Blood serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in men from Greenlandic Inuit and European populations 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lindh CH Rylander L Toft G Axmon A Rignell-Hydbom A Giwercman A Pedersen HS Góalczyk K Ludwicki JK Zvyezday V Vermeulen R Lenters V Heederik D Bonde JP Jönsson BA 《Chemosphere》2012,88(11):1269-1275
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are used in large quantities. They are persistent and found in measurable levels in human serum around the world. They have been associated with developmental, hepatic, and carcinogenic effects in animal studies. The aim of the present study was to describe levels of PFCs in serum among Inuits from Greenland and inhabitants from Warsaw, Poland and Kharkiv, Ukraine. Furthermore, the aim was to define social- and lifestyle related determinants of exposure for these compounds. Serum levels of seven PFCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were the highest of all PFCs in all three populations with a total amount of almost 90% of the PFCs. The mean levels of PFOS and PFOA were in the Greenlandic Inuits 52 and 4.8 ng mL(-1), in Poland 19 and 5.2 ng mL(-1), and in Ukraine 8.1 and 1.9 ng mL(-1), respectively. Thus, levels of PFCs in the serum of Inuits on Greenland were among the highest described in a general population whereas the levels in Poland were similar to other industrialized countries. The exposure in Ukraine was rather low. In the Greenlandic Inuit population, intake of seafood, tea, age and area of living were significant determinants of PFOS concentrations and explained about 22% of the variation. For the other populations no strong determinants were found. 相似文献
75.
Gucia M Jarzyńska G Kojta AK Falandysz J 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(2):81-88
Mature specimens of Parasol Mushroom were collected annually in the outskirts of the Siemiany (2000-2003) and Rafa (2001-2003) sites in the northern part of Poland to examine temporal variations and similarities in the composition of 20 chemical elements. Analysis was done under the same condition and using well-validated analytical methods. Elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and cold vapour-atomic absorption spectroscopy (Hg). The ranges of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn concentrations in the caps of fruiting bodies were similar (p > 0.05; Mann-Whitney U test) for both geographically distant sites, and these specimens from Rafa were more contaminated with Pb (p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U test). The annual collections of caps in the Siemiany site varied in Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Na, Rb and Sr and contents (0.05 < p < 0.001), while they were similar in Cr, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb and Zn (p > 0.05; Mann-Whitney U test). The annual collections of specimens from the Rafa site varied in contents of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, P, Rb and Zn (p > 0.05), while they were similar in Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Na, Ni, Pb and Sr (p < 0.05). The results of this study imply that metallic elements content of Parasol Mushroom collected at the same undisrupted sites, and hence keeping the same geochemical condition for mushroom development and fructification (the same stands and probably the same mycelia), can fluctuate over the years or the life-span of mycelium. Hence, when assessing the nutritional value of essential metallic elements and status of non-essential or toxic metallic elements in Parasol's Mushroom caps (and probably also of other mushrooms species) to man, the possible fluctuation in contents over time have to be taken into account. 相似文献
76.
Anna Korre Zhenggang Nie Sevket Durucan 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(2):289-300
Due to its compatibility with the current energy infrastructures and the potential to reduce CO2 emissions significantly, CO2 capture and geological storage is recognised as one of the main options in the portfolio of greenhouse gas mitigation technologies being developed worldwide. The CO2 capture technologies offer a number of alternatives, which involve different energy consumption rates and subsequent environmental impacts. While the main objective of this technology is to minimise the atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, it is also important to ensure that CO2 capture and storage does not aggravate other environmental concerns. This requires a holistic and system-wide environmental assessment rather than focusing on the greenhouse gases only. Life Cycle Assessment meets this criteria as it not only tracks energy and non-energy-related greenhouse gas releases but also tracks various other environmental releases, such as solid wastes, toxic substances and common air pollutants, as well as the consumption of other resources, such as water, minerals and land use. This paper presents the principles of the CO2 capture and storage LCA model developed at Imperial College and uses the pulverised coal post-combustion capture example to demonstrate the methodology in detail. At first, the LCA models developed for the coal combustion system and the chemical absorption CO2 capture system are presented together with examples of relevant model applications. Next, the two models are applied to a plant with post-combustion CO2 capture, in order to compare the life cycle environmental performance of systems with and without CO2 capture. The LCA results for the alternative post-combustion CO2 capture methods (including MEA, K+/PZ, and KS-1) have shown that, compared to plants without capture, the alternative CO2 capture methods can achieve approximately 80% reduction in global warming potential without a significant increase in other life cycle impact categories. The results have also shown that, of all the solvent options modelled, KS-1 performed the best in most impact categories. 相似文献
77.
Yan Yan Qin Clement Kai Man Leung Anna Oi Wah Leung Sheng Chun Wu Jin Shu Zheng Ming Hung Wong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(1):229-240
Background, aim, and scope
Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals can cause diseases in women, however, the relationships of these pollutants and uterine leiomyomas (UL), which are non-cancerous tumors of the uterus, are unclear. This study focused on the quantification of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and heavy metals in subcutaneous and visceral fat obtained from patients with UL and in subcutaneous fat of a control group of women without UL to determine if there were any correlations between concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals and the incidence of UL. 相似文献78.
Ellen Sträter Anna Westbeld Otto Klemm 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1563-1573
Background
The Atacama Desert in Northern Chile is one of the most arid places on earth. However, fog occurs regularly at the coastal mountain range and can be collected at different sites in Chile to supply settlements at the coast with freshwater. This is also planned in the fog oasis Alto Patache (20°49′S, 70°09′W). For this pilot study, we collected fog water samples in July and August 2008 for chemical analysis to find indications for its suitability for domestic use. 相似文献79.
Kärrman Anna Domingo José L. Llebaria Xavier Nadal Martí Bigas Esther van Bavel Bert Lindström Gunilla 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):750-758
Background, aim and scope
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are global environmental pollutants that bioaccumulate in wildlife and humans. Laboratory experiments have revealed toxic effects such as delayed development, humoral suppression, and hepatotoxicity. Although numerous human blood levels have been reported, little is known about distribution in the human body. Knowledge about PFC distribution and accumulation in the human body is crucial to understanding uptake and subsequent effects as well as to conduct risk assessments. The present study reports PFC levels in human liver and breast milk from a general population living in Catalonia, Spain. Liver and milk levels are compared to previously reported levels in blood from the same geographic area as well as to other existing reports on human liver and milk levels in other countries. 相似文献80.
植物配置对表层流湿地净化效果的影响研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以郑州市贾鲁河河水为处理对象,研究了不同植物配置表层流湿地的水质净化效果及影响因素。研究表明,单纯挺水植物湿地对TN、TP、NH4+-N和COD的平均去除率分别为28%、58%、49%和26%;采用沉水植物+浮叶植物+挺水植物组合的湿地对TN、TP、NH4+-N和COD的平均去除率分别为37%、64%、63%和32%,在对NH4+-N和TN的处理效果上表现出明显的优势,DO含量变化是导致处理效果差异的主要原因。研究结果表明,在湿地植物配置上,可从氮循环的角度,通过合理搭配湿地植物,强化硝化反硝化作用,以提高对氮素的去除效果。 相似文献