湖泊热结构和蒸发的模拟计算

应用一维涡扩散模型计算一年内不同时期的湖泊垂直温度分布和湖水蒸发率。主管方程是同一水平面内均温的一维非定常热传导方程。模型不要求特定的湖泊拟合参数。模型中涡扩散系数通过Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎｏ数计算,水面热交换用能量平衡法计算,湖底假定为绝热,主管方程用有限差分法求解。对Ｃｏｌｏｒａｄｏ Ｃｉｔｙ湖和Ｃａｌｈｏｕｎ湖的模拟计算表明：水面温度和温度剖面的计算值与实测值吻合很好,最大差值均在２℃范围内。     

长江,嘉陵江重庆城区段二维水质对流扩散数学模型

对二水质对流扩散数学模型的有限差分解作了较详细的叙述，同时对距离步长，时间步长计算，网络内水深，流速，横向扩散系数的求取也作了简要介绍。     

Evaluation of X,Y, 18, and 13/21 alpha satellite DNA probes for interphase cytogenetic analysis of uncultured amniocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization

The major aneuploidies diagnosed prenatally involve the autosomes 13, 18, and 21, and sex chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows rapid analysis of chromosome copy number in interphase cells. This prospective study evaluated the use of four commercially available centromeric DNA probes (DXZ1, DYZ1, D18Z1, and D13Z1/D21Z1) for direct analysis of uncultured amniocytes. One hundred and sixteen amniotic fluid samples were analysed by FISH and standard cytogenetics. This evaluation demonstrated that FISH with, X, Y, and 18 alpha satellite DNA probes could accurately and rapidly detect aneuploidies involving these chromosomes and could be used in any prenatal clinical laboratory. In contrast, the 13/21 alpha satellite DNA probe hybridizing both chromosomes 13 and 21 was unreliable for prenatal diagnosis in uncultured amniocytes.     

Validation of atmospheric aerosols parallel sampling in a multifold device

In this work, particulate matter was collected using an active sampling system consisting of a PM₁₀ (<10 μm) inlet coupled to a multifold device containing six channels, connected to a vacuum pump. Each channel was equipped with a filter holder fitted with adequately chosen filters. The system was fixed on a metallic structure, which was placed on the roof of the laboratory building, at the Faculty of Sciences, in Lisbon. Sampling took place under flow-controlled conditions. Aerosols were extracted from the filters with water, in defined conditions, and the water-soluble fraction was quantified by ion chromatography (IC) for the determination of inorganic anions (Cl^?, NO₃ ^? and SO₄ ^2?). Equivalent sampling through the various channels was validated. Validation was based on the metrological compatibility of the content results for the various filters. Ion masses are metrologically equivalent when their absolute difference is smaller than the respective expanded uncertainty. When this condition is verified, the studied multifold device produces equivalent samples.     

PCDD/Fs in the soils in the province of Trento: 10 years of monitoring

Nuclear bud (NB) formation was investigated in blood erythrocytes of 1892 flounder Platichthys flesus, herring Clupea harengus, and eelpout Zoarces viviparus specimens that were collected at 82 sites representing different regions of the Baltic Sea in 2009–2011. This is the first attempt to evaluate the baseline levels of NB and rank the genotoxicity risk for native fish species. NB levels were compared to the previously published micronuclei (MN) data from the same individual fish specimens in order to compare the two methods of genotoxicity assessment and investigate the relationship between MN as the cytogenetic measure of genotoxicity and the DNA damage reflecting NB. In 2009–2011, elevated NB levels in 89.4 % of flounder sampling groups indicated high and extremely high genotoxicity risk levels. Herring and eelpout sampling groups showed elevated levels of NB, 74.6 and 45.7 %, respectively. In general, herring and eelpout NB measure was more sensitive as the genotoxicity biomarker than MN.     

降解芘的分枝杆菌M11的分离鉴定和降解特性

从多环芳烃污染的土壤中分离到1株能高效降解四环芳烃芘的放线菌M11,经形态观察、生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定,属于分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium sp.).菌株M11能以菲、蒽、荧蒽和芘为唯一碳源生长,在含芘50、100和200 mg/L的无机盐液体培养基中培养16 d降解率分别达到76.9%、91.8%和79.23%.菌株M11对芘的降解具有较广泛的pH范围,在芘浓度100 mg/L,pH为5～9的液体条件下,均可生长.根据已报道的芘降解菌的双加氧酶同源序列设计引物,PCR扩增出编码双加氧酶大亚基和小亚基的基因片段,序列分析表明与已知降解芘的分枝杆菌的双加氧酶基因具有高度同源性.     

莠去津降解菌HB-5的最佳产酶培养基及发酵条件

从农药厂废水中分离到一株降解莠去滓的节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.)HB-5,以从该菌中提取到的降解酶对莠去津的降解率为指标,进行最佳产酶培养基及发酵条件的优化研究,对其产酶量进行了评价.通过正交试验和均匀试验,对细菌HB-5的发酵培养基进行了优化研究.运用SAS软件进行结果分析,所获优化培养基配方为:蔗糖3.0g·L-1,莠去津0.38g·L-1,K2HPO40.5g·L-1,KH2PO41.2 g·L-1,MgSO4·7H2O 1.2g·L-1,NaCl 0.1g·L-1,微量元素溶液3.8mL·L-1.得到菌株培养的最佳优化条件为:菌株发酵液培养时间为48h.接种量为2%,发酵液初始pH值为9,250mL三角瓶中装液量为80mL经优化后,降解酶对莠去津的降解率(91.64%)比原培养基(40.67%)提高了125%.     

太湖流域典型河流沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

武宜运河位于太湖西部贯穿大部分太湖入湖河流,其重金属污染的研究,对太湖重金属污染来源,流域管理具有重要的意义。因此,2012年8月对武宜运河全程底质调查,分析了沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr等元素,通过地累积指数评价、相关分析、潜在生态风险评价以及相关研究对比分析,得出以下结论:1)Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr污染浓度均值为129.38,207.74,52.13,28.26,77.06 mg/kg,其中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr均超过毒性参考值(TRV),Cu超标达800%。Zn、Pb、Cr在世界湖泊沉积物中微量金属的范围(WCTMEL)内,Cu超出144%,Ni略低于WCTMEL;2)Ni-Cr、Zn-Pb具有较好的同源性。且Cu、Zn污染较高,达到"中—强"和"强"污染级别,Pb污染级别其次,Ni、Cr污染级别较低或无污染。可以排除武宜运河携带Ni、Cr污染物进入入湖河网的可能;3)Cu为武宜运河生态风险主要贡献因子。需加强工业园区地段重金属污染控制,减少污染来源,加大武宜运河对连同入湖水系的清水补充。