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991.
Shuokr Qarani Aziz Hamidi Abdul Aziz Mohd Suffian Yusoff Mohammed J.K. Bashir Muhammad Umar 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(12):2608-2614
This study analyzes and compares the results of leachate composition at the semi-aerobic Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS) (unaerated pond and intermittently aerated pond) and the anaerobic Kulim Sanitary Landfill in the northern region of Malaysia. The raw samples were collected and analyzed for twenty parameters. The average values of the parameters such as phenols (1.2, 6.7, and 2.6 mg/L), total nitrogen (448, 1200, and 300 mg/L N-TN), ammonia-N (542, 1568, and 538 mg/L NH3-N), nitrite (91, 49, and 52 mg/L NO2?-N), total phosphorus (21, 17, and 19 mg/L), BOD5 (83, 243, and 326 mg/L), COD (935, 2345, and 1892 mg/L), BOD5/COD (0.096,0.1124,0.205%), pH (8.20, 8.28, and 7.76), turbidity (1546, 180, and 1936 Formazin attenuation units (FAU)), and color (3334, 3347, and 4041 Pt Co) for leachate at the semi-aerobic PBLS (unaerated and intermittently aerated) and the anaerobic Kulim Sanitary Landfill were recorded, respectively. The obtained results were compared with previously published data and data from the Malaysia Environmental Quality Act 1974. The results indicated that Pulau Burung leachate was more stabilized compared with Kulim leachate. Furthermore, the aeration process in PBLS has a considerable effect on reducing the concentration of several pollutants. The studied leachate requires treatment to minimize the pollutants to an acceptable level prior to discharge into water courses. 相似文献
992.
Rehan Sadiq Sikandar A. Haji Geneviève Cool Manuel J. Rodriguez 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(3):706-716
The purpose of indices is to summarize a large volume of information into a single number that is easy to understand and interpret. Environmental indices provide a composite picture of an environmental condition derived from a series of observed measurements and parameters. They are used as communication tools by regulatory agencies to characterize the state of a specific environmental system (air, water, and sediments) and to study the impact of regulatory policies on various environmental management practices. In the development of environmental indices, a few issues and problems have been encountered arising as a result of the abstraction of information and data. These problems are referred to as characteristic properties that include ambiguity, eclipsing, compensation and rigidity. These characteristic properties have long been identified and interpreted in Boolean (e.g., Yes/No) or qualitative (e.g., low, medium, high) terms. In this paper, we propose a new approach to describe the above stated characteristic properties on a continuous scale to evaluate and compare the behavior of various aggregation models. Our approach is based on developing penalty functions for each characteristic property. A water quality index example by Swamee and Tyagi (2000) is used to explain our approach. A detailed case study for a developing microbial risk index is also provided to show how the proposed approach can be extended to complex hierarchical systems. Results show that it is possible to improve aggregation models for index development. Future research directions to improve index development are also discussed. 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
M. Noble P. C. Oloffs R. So J. Yee F. Yuen 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):359-373
Abstract A tubular device has been developed making it possible to obtain layered samples of loosely aggregated, flocculent material from bogs or eutrophic lakes. The samples are up to 50 cm long and 15 cm in diameter. The sampler is free from protuberances and intact, layered samples can be taken. The tubular part of the sampler is about 85 em long, the walls of the lower 25‐cm portion harbouring a pneumatic closing mechanism which is controlled from above the water surface. An extendible handle for manipulating the sampler and for guiding it into place, is fastened to the upper end of the sampling tube. The performance and the operation of the sampler in the field are described. 相似文献
996.
E. Schuepbach E. Uherek A. Ladstätter-Weissenmayer M.J. Jacob 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(33):5415-5422
In order to promote the next generation of atmospheric scientists, the task Training and Education (T&E) in ACCENT, the European Network of Excellence in Atmospheric Composition Change (www.accent-network.org) has developed and implemented an Integrated Learning Environment (ILE). For school teachers and their students, the Internet-based “Global Change Magazine” provides up-to-date and freely accessible scientific material in English and five other languages. Additionally, T&E has produced online teaching material for early-career scientists. These e-learning modules are now being used in University Master's courses across Europe. T&E also organised training events for early-career scientists, combining scientific content with development in transferable skills, to focus on interdisciplinary collaboration, interaction with senior scientists, communication with stakeholders, and dissemination to the general public. Evaluation based on participant feedback evidences the effectiveness of these events, e.g., in terms of motivation to remain in the field. Methodologies and materials from T&E are being published in a Handbook on Best Practice, intended for both educators and scientists around the globe who are involved in education in the field of air quality and climate change science. 相似文献
997.
T. Hara S. Trini Castelli R. Ohba C.J. Tremback 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(24):3745-3753
This work is a contribution to a large project, aimed at the development of an advanced environmental assessment modelling system to be used in Japan. The modelling system here considered consisted of the RAMS and HYPACT coupled models. The RAMS code was modified to properly simulate local scale phenomena using a fine mesh size of 250 m. In this direction, the main aim here was to investigate the effect of the choice of the turbulence closure scheme on the dispersion of pollutants. Our modified version of the RAMS/HYPACT model chain was validated using field experiments which were carried out by the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) in the area of Mt. Tsukuba (Japan). The mean flow, turbulence and concentration fields obtained using two alternative turbulence closure schemes are compared. A discussion on the different performances of the turbulence closures is presented and the influence of the closure schemes over the plume dispersion is investigated. 相似文献
998.
Tao Miaomiao Xu Ying Liu Qingyang Liu Yanju Tian Shili Schauer James J. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(3):1281-1286
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Plants remove efficiently atmospheric pollution by soot particles, yet the mechanisms used by leaves to capture soot particles are unclear. Here, we studied the... 相似文献
999.
R. Coz V. Ouisse C. Artero A. Carpentier A. Crave E. Feunteun J.-M. Olivier B. Perrin F. Ysnel 《Marine Biology》2012,159(6):1375-1388
The aim of this survey was to test a standardised method to follow the demographic evolution of a dense aggregative ‘forest’
population of the temperate gorgonian Eunicella verrucosa (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) using in situ photographic recordings. Distribution, density, growth and demographic evolution
of the colonies was compared along two parallel transects. Computer treatment allowed the estimation of the total branch fan
surface area, and the individual growth of tagged colonies was determined by measuring the increase in this surface area,
using consecutive photographs taken at two-year intervals. To integrate the potential bias of branch overlapping, we proposed
a correction factor between the in situ photographic surface area and the surface area of the gorgonian calculated from ex
situ photographic surface area with all branches deployed. The surface-frequency distribution of colonies was converted to
estimated-age-frequency distribution using an estimated growth curve based on the net growth rate. The technique used revealed
significant differences in population structure and the dynamics of gorgonian colonies, as the two transects appeared to be
influenced by different environmental conditions. The recruitment also seemed to vary according to year and transect, resulting
in different densities. Our work showed clear results in characterising the variations of gorgonian demographic evolution
at a small spatial scale; thus, it is assumed that this method could be a sustainable tool for coastal environmental managers. 相似文献
1000.
J. M. Bewers 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(1-2):9-23
Abstract Differences between the scientific and environmental policy communities regarding marine environmental protection strategies are discussed in the context of the nature and extent of scientific influence on marine environmental policy. Public perceptions of the nature and severity of marine pollution frequently differ from scientific assessments. the thesis of this paper is that the increasing influence of public perception on marine environmental protection policy is leading to the adoption of simplistic and unnecessarily extreme approaches to marine pollution prevention and to a reduced reliance on science. This trend is illustrated by some recent international developments and some suggestions are made towards enhancing the influence of science on marine protection policy. 相似文献