长江流域点源氮磷营养盐的排放、模型及预测

通过分析1985～2003年长江流域向河口/东海排放的点源营养盐的时空变化规律,建立长江点源营养盐排放模型,并预测2020年长江流域点源氮磷排放情况.模型基于人口密度、国内生产总值、人均氮磷排放量、以及污水处理率等因子,在99%的置信度上,氮磷模型的方差解释量分别达到92.3%及93.2%.基于此模型预测2020年长江流域点源氮排放量将达到(95 9±6 6)×104t,点源磷排放量达到(12.3±0.6)×104t.此外,研究结果进一步表明,点源营养盐通量仍然是长江输送营养盐总量的主要部分,是影响河口/近海水质的主要因素.     

城市污水厂水质相关性及分布状态的研究和应用

采用统计学及质量控制的一些基本理论及方法对污水处理厂的运行数据进行分析,得出城市污水处理厂BOD5、COD、SS、TN、TP等主要出水指标呈正态分布的规律;城市污水BOD5、COD、TN、TP等指标间存在显著线性相关性的结论.研究结论可用于污水处理厂制定经济合理的出水监测方案以及对污水处理厂运行可靠性等进行评估.     

Microfiber pollution: an ongoing major environmental issue related to the sustainable development of textile and clothing industry

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Textiles release microfibers to the environment during production, use, and at end-of-life disposal. There is a potentially large and growing risk to...     

基于农村生活污水生态处理工艺研究

伴随我国经济发展的进步,虽然农村的生活水平得到一定的改善,但是并没有根据实际情况将相关生态处理技术应用,导致农村污水处理的效率无法有效的提升,严重影响农村的发展。基于此,本文主要分析了农村生活污水处理的方式,以及污水处理不当对人们的危害与影响,并阐述了农村污水处理的主要对策与方案,笔者根据自身经验提出相应的建议与意见。     

绿色化工环保技术与环境治理的关系

我国化工产业的不断发展,带动了我国经济的飞速发展,给人们的生活带来了许多便利条件,但是与此同时也对我国的环境造成了严重的破坏,化工生产用到许多化学材料,在生产过程中会产生大量的化学废弃物,对环境的污染造成很严重的影响。我国对化工生产给环境保护造成的影响高度重视,随着绿色化工环保技术的出现,有效解决了化工产业造成的环境污染问题,对我国的环境问题进行了有效的改善,对我国工业的发展具有重要意义。本文针对绿色化工环保技术进行分析,探讨绿色化工环保技术在环境治理中的有效应用。     

EDTA滴定法测定高锰水体总硬度的干扰和消除

测定水质总硬度最常用的是EDTA 滴定法,该法易受到多种因素的影响,而锰是重要影响因素之一。分析了锰对EDTA滴定法的影响,对比了两种掩蔽剂对不同浓度锰的掩蔽效果和对检测结果的影响。对实验结果进行了总结分析,为EDTA滴定法测定高锰水体总硬度过程中不同掩蔽剂的选择提供一定的依据。     

液氮泡沫发生器内流动特性研究

低温液氮与泡沫混合液直接接触产生氮气泡沫是一种新型的掺混形式,利用液氮高汽化比的特点,搭建液氮泡沫可视化实验装置,进行氮气-水两相流及液氮泡沫流动特性的研究。结果表明,液氮相变产生大量氮气,其与泡沫液混合产生泡沫,温度有所回升,最终趋于泡沫混合液温度;管路沿程压降较小;液氮射流破碎及流动过程可分为6个区域:低温液氮区、向上循环翻滚区、滞留区、泡沫与泡沫混合液混合区、致密泡沫区、泡沫混合液区。流体向下游流动过程中持续发泡;为防止管路结冰,需合理控制泡沫混合液与液氮流量。     

Mitigating Impact of Devils Lake Flooding on the Sheyenne River Sulfate Concentration

Devils Lake is a terminal lake located in northeast North Dakota. Because of its glacial origin and accumulated salts from evaporation, the lake has a high concentration of sulfate compared to the surrounding water bodies. From 1993 to 2011, Devils Lake water levels rose by ~10 m, which flooded surrounding communities and increased the chance of an overspill to the Sheyenne River. To control the flooding, the State of North Dakota constructed two outlets to pump the lake water to the river. However, the pumped water has raised concerns about of water quality degradation and potential flooding risk of the Sheyenne River. To investigate these perceived impacts, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was developed for the Sheyenne River and it was linked to a coupled SWAT and CE‐QUAL‐W2 model that was developed for Devils Lake in a previous study. While the current outlet schedule has attempted to maintain the total river discharge within the confines of a two‐year flood (36 m³/s), our simulation from 2012 to 2018 revealed that the diversion increased the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration from an average of 125 to >750 mg/L. Furthermore, a conceptual optimization model was developed with a goal of better preserving the water quality of the Sheyenne River while effectively mitigating the flooding of Devils Lake. The optimal solution provides a “win–win” outlet management that maintains the efficiency of the outlets while reducing the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration to ≤600 mg/L.     

Biofiltration and disinfection codetermine the bacterial antibiotic resistome in drinking water: A review and meta-analysis

• Published data was used to analyze the fate of ARGs in water treatment. • Biomass removal leads to the reduction in absolute abundance of ARGs. • Mechanism that filter biofilm maintain ARB/ARGs was summarized. • Potential BAR risks caused by biofiltration and chlorination were proposed. The bacterial antibiotic resistome (BAR) is one of the most serious contemporary medical challenges. The BAR problem in drinking water is receiving growing attention. In this study, we focused on the distribution, changes, and health risks of the BAR throughout the drinking water treatment system. We extracted the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) data from recent publications and analyzed ARG profiles based on diversity, absolute abundance, and relative abundance. The absolute abundance of ARG was found to decrease with water treatment processes and was positively correlated with the abundance of 16S rRNA (r² = 0.963, p<0.001), indicating that the reduction of ARG concentration was accompanied by decreasing biomass. Among treatment processes, biofiltration and chlorination were discovered to play important roles in shaping the bacterial antibiotic resistome. Chlorination exhibited positive effects in controlling the diversity of ARG, while biofiltration, especially granular activated carbon filtration, increased the diversity of ARG. Both biofiltration and chlorination altered the structure of the resistome by affecting relative ARG abundance. In addition, we analyzed the mechanism behind the impact of biofiltration and chlorination on the bacterial antibiotic resistome. By intercepting influent ARG-carrying bacteria, biofilters can enrich various ARGs and maintain ARGs in biofilm. Chlorination further selects bacteria co-resistant to chlorine and antibiotics. Finally, we proposed the BAR health risks caused by biofiltration and chlorination in water treatment. To reduce potential BAR risk in drinking water, membrane filtration technology and water boiling are recommended at the point of use.