Improved product selectivity of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide by tuning local carbon dioxide concentration with multiphysics models

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is promising to alleviate carbon emissions and produce fuels and materials in a circular way, yet effective...     

城镇社区地震应急工作模式的建立

社区地震应急工作是我国地震应急管理工作的重要内容之一,是减轻地震灾害的有效途径。如何依托社区开展地震应急工作是近年来,特别是汶川地震后全社会关注的问题。从地震应急组织管理、应急预案、志愿者队伍建设、宣传培训、应急演练、物资储备、避难场地和疏散通道设置以及地震应急处置等几个方面讨论了社区地震应急工作模式。     

基于3D体外培养模型的化学物质肝毒性预测研究进展

精准预测化学物质肝毒性对保护人类生命健康安全具有重要意义。为了避免动物实验固有的物种间差异性和局限性,开发和利用与人源肝脏生理功能直接相关的体外模型至关重要。三维(3D)体外细胞培养模型相比于二维(2D)模型能更好地保留肝细胞代谢功能,再现肝脏内多种细胞相互作用的复杂环境,是体外模拟肝脏生理功能的一大进步,并初步在药物毒性评估方面获得应用的同时,也被引入到环境毒理学领域用于预测环境化学物质的肝毒性。本文介绍了目前常用3D体外细胞培养模型的制备方法,综述了其在环境化学物质(纳米材料、持久性有机污染物和新型有机污染物等)肝毒性预测方面的应用现状,最后探讨了3D肝细胞体外培养模型在有害结局路径指导下开展肝毒性预测的研究与应用前景。     

Adsorption and reduction of trichloroethylene by sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) supported by Mg(OH)2

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) supported on a flower spherical Mg(OH)2 with different Mg/Fe ration were successfully synthesized. The...     

管式膜连续微滤装置处理回用城市污水的中试研究

就管式膜连续微滤装置对城市污水处理厂二沉池出水处理回用的可行性进行了中试研究 ,结果表明 ,该装置在运行压力为 0 .1 2～ 0 .1 5MPa ,反冲洗间隔为 1 8min时 ,吨水能耗仅为 0 .4 5kWh。此时对COD、浊度有较高的去除率 ,分别为 75 .71 %和 94 .4 9% ,对氨氮也有一定的去除效果 ,去除率为 4 0 .2 6 % ;处理后出水COD、氨氮、浊度均明显优于《生活杂用水水质标准》(CJ2 5 .1 89)中的相关规定。该装置成本低、操作简单 ,用于污水回用具有较高技术经济可行性     

树立系统的资源观：实施可持续发展的前提和关键

资源供给与需求的尖锐矛盾,决定了资源是可持续发展思想产生与发展的源动力,也是可持续发展最终目标订立的重要着眼点,树立科学的资源观则是可持续发展得以实现的前提和关键。     

Case study on nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from paddy field in Taihu region

The agricultural non-point source pollution by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss from typical paddy soil (whitish soil, Bai Tu in Chinese) in the Taihu Lake region was investigated through a case study. Results shown that the net load of nutrients from white soil is 34.1 kg ha(-1) for total nitrogen (TN), distributed as 19.4 kg ha(-1), in the rice season and 14.7 kg ha(-1) in the wheat season, and for total phosphorus (TP) 1.75 kg ha(-1), distributed as 1.16 kg ha(-1) in the rice season and 0.58 kg ha(-1) in the wheat season. The major chemical species of N loss is different in the two seasons. NH4-N is main the form in the rice season (53% of TN). NO3-N is the main form in wheat season (46% of TN). Particle-P is the main form in both seasons, (about 56% of TP). The nutrient loss varied with time of the year. The main loss of nutrients happened in the 10 days after planting, 64% of TN and 42% of TP loss, respectively. Rainfall and fertilizer application are the key factors which influence nitrogen and phosphorus loss from arable land, especially rainfall events shortly after fertilizer application. So it is very important to improve the field management of the nutrients and water during the early days of planting.     

Evidence for the involvement of Fe(IV) in water treatment by Fe(III)-activated sulfite

Water contamination by emerging organic pollutants is calling for advanced methods of remediation such as iron-activated sulfite-based advanced oxidation. Sulfate radical, SO₄^??, and hydroxyl radical, ^?OH, are the primary reactive intermediates formed in the Fe(III)/sulfite system, yet the possible involvement of Fe(IV) produced from Fe(II) and persulfates is unclear. Here we explored the role of Fe(IV) in the Fe(III)/sulfite system by methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) probe assay, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra analysis, alcohol scavenging experiment, and kinetic simulation. Results show that PMSO is partially transformed into methyl phenyl sulfone (PMSO₂), thus evidencing Fe(IV) formation. The remaining degradation of PMSO is due to SO₄^?? and ^?OH. The contribution of Fe(IV) versus free radicals is progressively promoted when the Fe(III)-sulfite reaction proceeds, with an upper limit of 80–90%. The contribution of Fe(IV) versus free radicals increases with Fe(III) and sulfite dosages, and decreases with increasing pH. Overall, our findings demonstrate the involvement of Fe(IV) in the Fe-catalyzed sulfite auto-oxidation process.

     

功能基因组学在环境化学品毒性机制研究中的应用

认识化学品的毒性机制是开展化学品健康风险评估的基础。掌握化学品有害效应的遗传易感性机制是开展精准的健康风险评估的前提。传统的毒理基因组学主要分析化学品暴露诱导的组学表达图谱,不能建立生物学表型与特定基因/通路表达的直接关联。功能基因组学通过敲除或者敲降全基因组或者特定的基因集,建立基因-化学品毒性的直接关联,进而研究化学品致毒的过程和机制,同时可以提供与化学品暴露的遗传易感性相关的分子响应信息。本论文综述了功能基因组学技术的原理及其主要发展,介绍了酵母、鸡DT40细胞和RNA干扰等功能基因组学测试方法的优缺点。同时,详述了CRISPR功能基因组学的原理和特点,以及其在化学品毒性机制研究中的应用,展望了联合应用分子流行病学和CRISPR功能基因组学,开展化学品有害效应的易感性机制研究。