QUAL2K模型在西苕溪干流梅溪段水质模拟中的应用

QUAL2K是一维稳态水质模型,由美国环保局开发并在QUAL2E模型的基础上发展起来的.采用QUAL2K模型对西苕溪干流梅溪段的水质进行了模拟和预测.针对西苕溪的具体情况,选用COD、氨氮和总磷作为模拟预测指标,用模型率定法并参考相关文献确定了COD降解系数Kc、氨氮降解系数Kn和总磷平衡系数Kp等水质参数,并对模拟结果进行了验证,结果表明预测值和实测值的相关性较好.     

应用陶粒过滤-陶瓷膜组合对止咳糖浆制药废水深度处理的试验研究

止咳精浆制药废水经生物接触氧化一体化废水处理装置处理后,其出水中COD、BOD和氨氮等主要污染物质均不能达标排放.在实验室中采用陶粒过滤-陶瓷膜组合对经一体化处理装置处理后的制药废水进行深度处理,在陶粒柱反应器选用粒径为1～2 mm的陶粒滤料,陶瓷膜反应器选用孔径为2～3/μm陶瓷膜的条件下对水样进行测试.废水经陶粒过滤-陶瓷膜组合处理后,其BOD、COD、SS和氨氮指标均可稳定达标排放.     

聚硅氯化铝(PASC)的形态分布及转化规律Ⅲ.Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法与27Al-NMR法的比较

本文对Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法和27Al-NMR法对PASC和PAC 中铝的形态分布的测定结果进行了对比分析和讨论.结果表明,在PAC中,Al13和Al b之间具有良好的对应关系,Al13/Alb比值为1.0左右.但对PASC而言,情况有所不同,在低碱化度(B)和低Al/Si摩尔比情况下,Al13和Alb之间不存在对应关系,Al13和Alb比值远远小于1.0,随着B值和Al/Si摩尔比的升高,Al13 /Alb比值逐渐趋近于1.0.这意味着在低B值和低Al/Si摩尔比情况下,由于聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物间的相互作用,形成了铝硅复合新产物,该新产物对PASC中铝的形态分布产生了影响.     

基于哨兵-3A卫星OLCI数据的最大叶绿素指数在太湖蓝藻水华监测中的应用

欧洲航天局于2016年2月16日成功发射哨兵-3A卫星,搭载的水色遥感仪器(OLCI)提供了很好的海洋和内陆水体生态指标观测反演能力。基于OLCI获取的太湖L1b级遥感数据产品,利用OLCI Oa10、Oa11、Oa12波段计算了重要的水色/水生态遥感指标,即最大叶绿素指数(MCI),在此基础上初步分析了MCI在太湖蓝藻水华监测预警中应用效果。研究表明:(1)哨兵-3A卫星OLCI影像质量清晰,构建的MCI能够反映太湖水体叶绿素信号强度;(2)与常用的归一化植被指数相比,在蓝藻没有明显积聚的藻-水混悬水域,MCI与叶绿素浓度有很好的关联,可更灵敏地反映叶绿素浓度的空间分布特征。MCI将在蓝藻监测上具有更好的适用性,可有效提高富营养湖泊蓝藻水华的预警预报精度。     

浙江省土地利用非农化与城市化的空间关系计量

Land use is an important carrier and intuitive result of urbanization process. Driven by the dual transformation of China’s land system and developed regional economy, the interrelationship between urbanization and land use non agriculturalization in coastal areas and its evolution are uniquely explored. Based on the county land use information of Zhejiang Province in 2005, 2010 and 2015, this paper quantitatively analyzes the differentiation of county comprehensive urbanization, land use non agriculturalization and the conversion source and flow of key county construction land in 2005-2015. Then use the Theil index and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation method to explore the spatial correlation model of urbanization level and land use non agriculturalization in Zhejiang Provinces. (1) The level of urbanization in Zhejiang County is rapidly increasing and gradually achieving spatial balance and forming a group like urbanization situation centered on Hangzhou, Ningbo,Jinhua, Wenzhou and other municipal districts; the focus of construction land changes from the central and northern plains to the southeast coastal plains. However, the increase in the municipal area is still the most obvious. The increase or decrease of land for agricultural conversion is the key reason for the large scale change in construction land in Zhejiang County; (2) The spatial positive correlation between land non agriculturalization and urbanization in Zhejiang Province has increased significantly, and the spatial differentiation situation has been highlighted. It has shown that the high aggregation area has shifted from the middle part to the east coast of Zhejiang and the islands. In general, the high high type is mostly distributed in the northern Zhejiang Plain, while the low low type extends from the coastal to the inland. (3) There is a significant scale effect of comprehensive urbanization and land use non agriculturalization in Zhejiang Province, and the correlation difference increases with spatial scale. This study reveals the spatial correlation between urbanization and land non agriculturalization in the period of urbanization of economically developed provinces. It has important guiding value for promoting the synergy of land use planning and urban planning, and implementing land transfer and trans administrative area replacement according to local conditions.     

基于SD和CLUE-S模型的区域土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量影响研究

土地利用/土地覆被变化改变土壤呼吸条件,进而对土壤有机碳储量变化产生影响,而土壤有机碳储量则是影响农业可持续发展和全球碳平衡领域的重要因素。以上海市崇明岛为例,运用系统动力学模型(System Dynamics Model)预测2020、2030年土地利用需求变化,结合CLUE-S模型(Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small region extent Model)得出各种用地类型的空间分布,并引用碳密度法估算三种发展幕景下土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量的影响。结果表明:2030年三种发展幕景土壤有机碳储量分别为:低速发展幕景为3 093.03×106kg,惯性发展幕景为3 079.47×106kg,高速发展幕景为3 059.81×106kg;研究期内土壤有机碳储量呈现缓慢下降趋势,但人类活动对其扰动较小;SD和CLUE-S耦合模型可以从时间和空间两方面对土壤有机碳储量进行模拟,具有可行性;建议通过加强城镇用地集约利用、农田保护、林地建设来减少人为活动对土壤有机碳储量的影响。     

Decoupling of nonferrous metal consumption from economic growth in China

Nonferrous metal is an important basis material for the development of the national economy, and its consumption directly affects economic development. It has great significance in the effective utilization of nonferrous metals, development of an environment-friendly society, and investigation of the decoupling of nonferrous metal consumption and GDP growth. The decoupling indicators for nonferrous metal consumption and GDP growth (D _r) in China from 1995 to 2010 were calculated in this study, and the results were analyzed. A productive model based on BP neural network was established. Then, the decoupling indicators for nonferrous metal consumption and GDP growth in China for the period of 2011–2020 were predicted. For the period of 1995–2010, the annual average decoupling indicators were <1 for copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, and nickel, except for tin, which was 0.21. The analysis showed that the decoupling of nonferrous metal consumption and GDP growth is in a less optimistic situation to copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, and nickel in China from 1995 to 2010. The annual average decoupling indicator for tin was 0.21, which indicates relative decoupling. For the period of 2011–2020, the predicted decoupling indicators for copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, nickel, and tin were between 0 and 1. This finding indicates the implementation of relative decoupling. However, the total consumption of nonferrous metals did not decouple from GDP growth.     

湖库型水体总氮总量控制目标的区域分配研究

基于层次分析法原理,以资源禀赋、社会经济、农业生产生活、污染治理水平为主要考虑因素设计指标体系和层次结构,建立了湖库型水体总氮总量控制目标分配方法,并在石头口门水库流域进行了应用,为湖库型水体总氮总量控制目标分配及石头口门水库流域总氮总量控制提供借鉴。     

微生物絮凝剂M-C11处理高岭土悬浊液的响应曲面优化

采用响应曲面法对微生物絮凝剂M-C11处理高岭土悬浊液的过程参数进行优化,选取中心复合实验设计(CCD),以p H、M-C11投加量和Ca Cl2投加量等因素为自变量,以处理后的高岭土悬浊液絮凝率(Fr)为响应值,并借助扫描电镜对絮凝剂的作用机理进行初步探讨。结果表明,微生物絮凝剂M-C11可显著改善高岭土悬浊液的絮凝性能,且选取的3种单因素水平均可影响絮凝剂活性。经多元回归拟合分析,在M-C11投加量为2.56 m L,Ca Cl2投加量为0.37 g/L的最优条件下,微生物絮凝活性实验值可达92.37%,接近模型预测值(92.30%)。Ca Cl2投加量对絮凝效果的影响高于M-C11投加量(PCa Cl2相似文献