Evaluation of photolysis and hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin in aqueous solutions and its degradation products in paddy water

This study evaluated the hydrolysis and photolysis kinetics of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection and identified the resulting metabolites of pyraclostrobin by hydrolysis and photolysis in paddy water using high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. The effect of solution pH, metal ions and surfactants on the hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin was explored. The hydrolysis half-lives of pyraclostrobin were 23.1–115.5?days and were stable in buffer solution at pH 5.0. The degradation rate of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution under sunlight was slower than that under UV photolysis reaction. The half-lives of pyraclostrobin in a buffer solution at pH 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and in paddy water were less than 12?h under the two light irradiation types. The metabolites of the two processes were identified and compared to further understand the mechanisms underlying hydrolysis and photolysis of pyraclostrobin in natural water. The extracted ions obtained from paddy water were automatically annotated by Compound Discoverer software with manual confirmation of their fragments. Two metabolites were detected and identified in the pyraclostrobin hydrolysis, whereas three metabolites were detected and identified in the photolysis in paddy water.     

Determination of the residue dynamics and dietary risk of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus and soil by LC-MS/MS

A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus (including the whole citrus, peel and pulp) and soil samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified with octadecylsilane. The detection limits of both compounds were 0.0001–0.0002?mg kg^–1, while the limit of quantification of thiamethoxam was 0.002?mg kg^–1 and the limit of quantitation of metabolites was 0.001?mg kg^–1. The recovery was 70.37%–109.76%, with inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) (n?=?15) values ≤9.46% for the two compounds in the four matrices. The degradation curve of thiamethoxam in whole citrus and soil was plotted using the first-order kinetic model. The half-life of the whole citrus was 1.9–6.2?days, and the half-life of the soil was 3.9–4.2?days. The terminal residue of thiamethoxam (the sum of thiamethoxam and clothianidin, expressed as thiamethoxam) was found to be concentrated on the peel. The final residual amount of thiamethoxam in the edible portion (pulp) was less than 0.061?mg kg^–1. The risk quotient values were all below 1, indicating that thiamethoxam as a citrus insecticide does not pose a health risk to humans at the recommended dosage.     

Study of the adsorption of endocrine disruptor compounds on typical filter materials using a quartz crystal microbalance

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Drinking water containing environmental endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) endangers human health, and researching the purification process of...     

催化湿式氧化技术处理山梨酸生产废水的研究

采用催化湿式氧化技术处理生产山梨酸过程中产生的高浓度有机废水,对催化剂组分进行优选.对反应温度、O2分压(Po2)和废水pH等工艺条件进行考察.实验结果表明:采用自制CuO-Cr2O3-La2O3/TiO2为复合催化剂处理该有机废水时表现出较好的催化活性;在190℃、Po2=2.1 MPa、pH=6.1、COD=10 030.0 mg/L时,反应90 min的COD去除率达到98.3%,而在相同条件下未加催化剂的湿式氧化的COD去除率只有60.1%.     

Ti/Cu交联累托石光催化氧化处理硝基苯废水研究

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,掺杂铜(CuCl2)制备交联剂.制得柱状Ti/Cu交联累托石,结合其吸附特性并通过其在光催化氧化条件下处理含硝基苯有机废水.在pH=9,交联累托石用量为30 g/L,一根20 W紫外灯光辐照2 h的处理条件下,硝基苯由73.81 mg/L降至3.17 mg/L,去除率达到95.71%,优于GB-8978-1996三级标准,用其处理含硝基苯工业废水,COD去除率为83.73%,由4800 mg/L降至530.4 mg/L,硝基苯去除率达92.3l%,由10.32 mg/L降至0.79 mg/L,小于GB-8978-1996-级标准.     

好氧-缺氧一体化高效分离生物流化复合反应器

鉴于污水处理中对氮、磷去除率的要求和内循环三相生物流化床反应器存在的一些不足,为此,设计开发了一种好氧-缺氧一体化高效分离生物流化复合反应器。该反应器对好氧循环流化区采用了独特的分格结构,当反应器处理规模增大时,在不增加反应器总体高度的基础上,保证了循环流化区的高径比。循环流化反应器与高效气浮分离反应器的耦合,克服了循环流化床以沉淀原理为基础的固液分离效果不佳的状况,既可以保证出水水质,又可以实现反应器的一体化。通过气体提升方式实现了好氧出水回流,使该种反应器能够实现脱氮和部分除磷的目的。该反应器处理生活污水的初步试验结果表明它具有很好的抗冲击负荷和去除有机物的性能。     

全球近期灾害录(2008．12．11—2009．2．10)

浙江甬金高速绍兴段数车追尾6人死亡2008年12月11日,浙江省甬(宁波)金(金华)高速公路绍兴段发生一起严重交通事故,造成6人死亡。     

内分泌干扰物对机体脂质代谢的影响及其机制研究进展

近年来许多动物实验研究表明,内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals,EDCs)暴露除了会损伤生殖、免疫和神经系统等,还能够干扰脂质代谢,增加肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝和高脂血症等疾病的发病风险.笔者总结了多种EDCs对不同动物模型(哺乳动物、硬骨鱼类、两栖动物)脂质代谢的影响,主要包括促进...     

真空条件下高分辩质谱对不同煤质热解释放CO2分析

煤的热解机理和热解物质的形成与释放特征是煤田火灾研究领域的重要基础问题.本文以淮北不同煤种(烟煤,无烟煤,天然焦)为研究对象,在高真空条件下对样品进行热解,利用分子泵即时将热解气体产物抽入高分辨质谱检测器,在线分析热解过程中CO2的释放规律.研究结果表明:天然焦热解过程中产生的CO2,主要是样品和体系中残留以及吸附在煤微孔隙中O2分子反应生成;烟煤和无烟煤热解产生的CO2,主要是其内部含氧官能团在受热过程中分解形成,为不同煤种自燃发火防治提供资料.     

Molecular sex identification of sable and stone marten

Sable (Martes zibellina) and stone marten (Martes foina) populations are declining sharply and both species are threatened in China. Knowing the sex ratio of a population is important for long-term conservation and development of management plans for endangered marten species. We here describe the application of a novel PCR-RFLP method for sex determination in these two marten species. We developed a new designed primer pair (ZFLB1 and ZFLB2) that yields a smaller ZFX/ZFY PCR product (246 bp), which in combination with RFLP analysis, provides a simple and reliable method for gender determination in Martes zibellina and Martes foina. The method can be used on tissue and non-invasively collected hair samples for sex identification in wild marten populations, and is powerful for monitoring population status and trend of endangered martens.