焚烧废气处理试验研究

介绍了有毒有害焚烧废气处理的原理及工艺流程,分析了焚烧废气中粉尘、HCl和NOx去除的原理,根据焚烧废气处理的试验结果,探讨了影响处理效果的因素.试验表明,在试验条件下,焚烧废气中的粉尘、NOx、HCl在吸收塔均达到较高的去除效率,其中粉尘的去除效率92%;NOx的去除效率平均58%,高的可达80%;HCl的去除效率平均达87%.随着液气比增大,其各种污染物的去除效率有所增加.     

铁炭微电解法预处理浆纱废水的研究

研究了采用铁炭微电解法预处理浆纱废水.试验结果表明,经微电解处理后的废水,COD的去除率达到67.2%,BOD5/COD从0.07提高到0.32,废水的可生化性得到显著提高.通过正交试验考察pH、反应时间及铁炭对比处理效果的影响,并对各因素作了单因素影响试验,确定了最佳工艺条件.     

三峡库区小城镇水环境与工业产业结构优化模型——以万州区分水镇为例

以长江上游三峡库区腹部的重庆市万州区分水镇为研究对象,根据2005年分水镇工业各行业的结构特点及各行业对水环境的污染特点,建立水环境--经济工业结构多目标优化模型,选取工业生产总值最大和COD排放量最小作为优化目标,量化分水镇2010年工业结构,选择出符合当地经济发展"十一五"规划目标和水环境保护目标的工业结构优化方案,提出具体的工业产业发展建议,达到减少工业污染物对境内长江次级河流瀼渡河的污染,有效地改善瀼渡河水质状况,同时保证分水镇社会、经济、水环境的可持续发展的目的.文章同时也对三峡库区小城镇的工业产业结构优化调整,获得既符合经济发展目标又满足水环境保护要求的合理的工业产业结构,提供可借鉴的思路和方法.     

活性污泥中PFU原生动物群落的作用和意义

原生动物是水生生态系统食物链中重要环节,发挥着十分重要的生态功能作用.在水环境质量变化评价与发展趋势预测中,在水质监测应用方面,PFU原生动物群落显示了其它较高等生物类群无法比拟的很多优点.文章阐述了活性污泥中PFU原生动物群落的特征,重点介绍了活性污泥中PFU原生动物的应用,同时指出了应用中该注意的问题.     

厌氧-好氧生物反应器填埋工艺特性研究

基于生物反应器填埋技术,研究1种填埋场地循环操作的厌氧-好氧生物反应器填埋工艺,设计了该工艺模拟装置并研究了其运行工艺特性.厌氧阶段主要通过渗滤液回灌控制反应器工艺条件,主要试验结果为,pH值,R1在 6周后可上升至6.7～7.8,R2在17周内一直低于6.8;渗滤液COD浓度,R1在13周时下降至10?617 mg/L,R2在5周后上升至60?000 mg/L后长期趋于稳定;填埋气累计产量,R1在8周达到44%,R2几乎不产气.衡量稳定化可以分别采用渗滤液pH、COD浓度及BOD₅/COD的减少率、填埋气的累计产率等指标来判断,并据此转换为好氧填埋运行.好氧阶段主要是通过强制通风来减少恶臭和水分,主要试验结果为,通风19d氨气浓度降为1.16 mg/m³,通风23d后恶臭浓度降为19;通风14d后含水率降为26%.完成此阶段的工艺指标值可依据矿化垃圾开采的最终用途确定.对主要试验数据进行了数值模拟.厌氧-好氧填埋过程的微生物演替经RISA分析,有4个优势菌群,一些兼性菌群在厌氧-好氧阶段起着重要的承前启后作用.     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Toxic effects of wastewater from various phases of monosodium glutamate production on seed germination and root elongation of crops

To make a comprehensive assessment on monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater pollution, a pollution exposure experiment was carried out on the seed germination and root elongation of wheat, Chinese cabbage and tomato by using the wastewater discharged from different processing phases of MSG production. The results showed that there were significantly positive linear relationships between the inhibitory rates of wheat seed germination and root elongation and the COD_cr of the mother liquor scraps. The toxicity of MSG wastewater to the test crops was in the order of tomato > Chinese cabbage > wheat, indicating that tomato was the most sensitive to the wastewater, and could be considered as an ideal toxic bioindicator. The half-effect concentrations (IC₅₀) based on the seed germination and root elongation of the test crops exposed to the wastewater discharged from various processing phases of MSG production was 22.0–32 432 and 17.3–3320 mg/L, respectively. Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(7): 1286–1290 [译自: 应用生态学报]     

旱季污水总量暴雨强度拟和法确定合流制截流倍数

分析了影响截流倍数的影响因素，探讨了合理的截流倍数计算方法。通过某城市实例分析．发现合流制截流倍数应综合考虑合流水量．截流规模．排放污染物总量、水体排放要求及水体自净能力等，最终通过计算比较后确定。     

长春市水资源可持续发展研究对策

在对长春市水资源概况及其开发利用现状进行简要分析的基础上，指出长春市水资源开发利用中的一些问题，并提出了水资源优化配置、建立水市场机制、加强节约用水、发展污水回收再利用等近远期水资源可持续利用对策。     

膜生物反应器处理印染废水的研究进展

印染废水是一种有机物含量高、色度深、生化性差、难降解的工业废水,采用传统的污水处理工艺很难达到排放标准,对新型、高效的处理工艺的研究越来越受到人们的关注.膜生物反应器是一种新型水处理技术,具有传统废水处理工艺所无法比拟的优势,通过膜生物反应器处理后的印染废水,甚至达到了回用水标准,在此基础上对现在研究较多的膜生物反应器的改进技术进行了综述并指出了还有待解决的问题,为将来的发展提供参考和依据.