Gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in a satellite town in Eastern China

Gas/particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in ambient air was investigated in a satellite town in Eastern China from April 2007 to January 2008 comprehending large temperature variations (from 3 to 34 °C, daily average). Molecular weight, molecular structure and ambient temperatures are the three major factors that govern the gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs throughout the year. Generally, good agreements were obtained (except for winter) between measured particulate fractions and theoretical estimates of both the Junge–Pankow adsorption model and Harner Bidleman absorption model using different sets of subcooled liquid vapor pressure and octanol–air partition coefficient (K_oa), respectively. Models utilizing estimates, derived from gas chromatographic retention indices (GC-RIs), are more accurate than that of entropy-based. Moreover, during winter, the K_oa-based model using the GC-RIs approach performs better on lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs than that of -based. Furthermore, possible sources of mismatch between measured and predicted values in winter (3–7 °C) were discussed. Gas adsorption artifact was demonstrated to be of minor importance for the phenomena observed. On the other hand, large deviations of slopes (m_r) and intercepts (b_r) in logK_p vs. plots from theoretical values are observed in the literature data and these are found to be linearly correlated with ambient temperatures (P<0.001) in this study. This indicates that the non-equilibrium partitioning of PCDD/Fs in winter may be significantly influenced by the colder temperatures that may have slowed down the exchange between gaseous and particulate fractions.     

亚热带丘陵小流域土壤有效磷空间变异与淋失风险研究

肥料过施导致的土壤磷素累积和淋失是农业面源污染的重要方面.以湖南省长沙县金井镇脱甲河小流域(52 km2)为研究区,采用高密度布点采样、Arc GIS软件和属性相似反距离加权插值法研究了亚热带丘陵小流域表层(0~20 cm)土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)含量(以P计,下同)的空间分布特征与磷素的淋失风险.结果表明,菜地、果园、稻田和茶园土壤Olsen-P平均含量为62.0、16.1、14.4和13.7 mg·kg-1,是林地(平均含量为2.36 mg·kg-1)的5.8~26.3倍.5个土地利用类型土壤Olsen-P含量均具有高等变异水平和中等程度的空间自相关性(块基比C0/(C0+C)=50%),这与区内地形地貌、土壤母质、人工施肥等具有密切关系.根据土壤0.01 mol·L-1Ca Cl2浸提态P和Olsen-P的非线性关系可确定区内红壤和水稻土P的淋失风险临界值分别为69.97和98.40 mg·kg-1,并据此对脱甲河小流域土壤磷素淋失的风险进行了定量评价,结果表明旱地土壤具有明显较高的淋失风险,其中中等以上的比例占36.4%,而稻田土壤仅有0.2%,为中等以上淋失风险.因此,控制旱地(尤其是菜地)磷肥的投入是降低亚热带丘陵小流域土壤P淋失风险和减轻农业面源污染的关键.     

利用百合(Lilium davidii)根尖细胞的微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的探讨

首次报道了利用百合根尖细胞微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的可行性和优越性。实验证明,百合根尖比蚕豆根尖细胞的微核细胞率更敏感。     

Simultaneous adsorption and immobilization of As and Cd by birnessite-loaded biochar in water and soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A novel biochar was prepared by loading birnessite to improve its capability to simultaneously adsorb As(III), As(V), and Cd(II) in water and soil....     

锦州市大气污染现状及控制措施

利用大气污染源和环境质量监测等资料，计算分析了锦州市区大气污染现状。结果表明：在锦州市区空气污染以煤烟类为主，汽车尾气成为大气污染源之一。PM10和SO2超过二级标准的天数将近95％出现在采暖期。提出了可行的具体措施，指出采用以集中供热、推广使用天然气、小型锅炉改造工程和控制汽车尾气为主要措施，廉顾绿化，制定市区大气污染治理方案比较合理。     

采用网络共享的Excel技术编制环境监测分析报告

简述了环境监测部门在编制环境监测分析报告时遇到的问题，介绍采用网络共享的Excel技术来编制环境监测分析报告的方法，并与传统报告编制方法进行了比较，体现出运用现代技术的优越性，同时分析了该方法编制报告时易产生的问题，提出了解决办法。     

转制社区环保管理中存在的问题及对策——以广州市黄埔区为例

转制社区作为城市化过渡阶段的新生儿,其环保管理工作任重道远。该研究以广州市黄埔区作为对象,发现当前转制社区环保管理工作中普遍存在着居民环保意识不强、环保设备缺乏、管理部门职权不明确、执法力度不够和社区干部素质偏低等问题,针对此类问题,深入思考其原因及提出提高人口和社区干部素质、加大环保资金投入、社区自治等解决对策,,从而有利于改善人居环境,建立和谐社区。并且对今后转制社区中的环保管理工作提供参考。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水及其水源水中的氯酚

利用固相微萃取(SPME)-气相色谱法(GC)联用技术测定饮用水及其水源水中的氯酚．优化萃取温度、萃取平衡时间、酸度、离子强度等实验条件．所建方法简便、精确,自来水和太湖水中均检测到氯酚。     

Rational construction of Co-promoted 1T-MoS2 nanoflowers towards high-efficiency 4-nitrophenol reduction

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Developing efficient and cost-effective non-noble metal catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) is of great...     

神经网络与模拟退火算法结合的锅炉低NOx燃烧优化

对某600MW燃煤电站锅炉进行了多工况热态NO_x排放特性测量,在利用多层前向神经网络对该锅炉的NO_x排放特性进行建模的基础上,将神经网络模型与模拟退火全局优化算法相结合,实现了锅炉的低NO_x燃烧的优化,计算得到可获得低NO_x排放浓度的具体燃烧配风方案.文中对2种不同退火参数的模拟退火算法进行了比较,结果说明采用T₀=50K,α=0.6的参数可以获得较好的寻优效果.本文研究结果为实现大型电站锅炉低NO_x燃烧控制的在线优化技术打下了基础.