印染废水处理的磁混凝-高梯度磁分离协同作用

混凝过程作为工业废水的预处理技术普遍受到重视,在混凝过程中降低污泥产生量并提高污泥分离速度是该技术发展的方向,基于上述目标,通过将磁粉引入絮体使之磁化并在自行研制的高梯度磁分离装置中实现磁混凝与磁分离的协同作用.以高浊度的印染废水作为试验废水,以色度、COD及SS作为考核指标,重点考察了磁混凝反应及磁分离的影响因素.当印染废水的色度约为900倍、COD约为595 mg/L、SS约为500 mg/L时,在pH=8.5、FeSO4500 mg/L、PAM3.5 mg/L、磁粉400 mg/L的适宜磁混凝反应条件下,相应指标去除率比传统混凝法分别高出17.3%、21.7%及24.2%,此时絮团沉降速度增大了64.3%,污泥体积减少了61%,污泥压缩比为0.39.在电流强度8 A、流速2.5 L/min和介质填充率1%的操作条件下,该磁性絮体流经高梯度磁分离装置时的水力表面负荷达到61.0 m3/m2·h,处理出水达到国家二级排放标准.     

我国能源消费误差修正模型研究——基于产业结构重型化视角的实证分析

近年来,重工业的重新发展是我国产业结构出现重型化特征,这极大地增加了我国的能源消费。为了分析产业结构重型化条件下我国能源消费发展趋势,文章以产业结构重型化为背景,建立了我国能源消费函数,并通过构建产业结构重型化条件下我国能源消费误差修正模型检验了我国能源消费与产业结构重型化之间的短期波动和长期均衡关系,认为产业结构重型化的形成和发展对我国能源消费具有正向促进作用,具体体现在：本期重工业产值每增加1%,不仅会使同期的能源消费总量增加1.80%、下期能源消费增加1.26%,还会使下下期的能源消费降低1.37%。最后,结合我国产业结构变化和能源消费实际,认为要降低能源消费就必须对经济发展模式和能源发展战略进行调整,使经济与能源协调发展。     

区域差异下农业用水效率对农业用水量的影响

基于全国30个省份1998~2015年面板数据,采用Super-SBM模型测算农业用水效率,并在观察农业用水量、农业用水效率动静态演进特征的基础上,利用门槛面板回归模型探究农业用水效率对农业用水量的影响。结果表明,全国农业用水量和农业用水效率均呈阶段性下降。农业用水效率对降低农业用水量具有显著的门槛效应,提高农业用水效率是降低农业用水量的有效途径;东部农业用水效率促进农业用水量下降,但须警惕回弹效应;中部农业用水效率抑制农业用水量增长,且作用逐渐增强;西部农业用水效率提高能够快速降低农业用水量,但作用逐渐减弱。另外,提升农民受教育水平、增加绿水足迹、扩大农业劳动人口能够降低农业用水量,而丰富的水资源禀赋促进农业用水量增加。     

Crystal structure of a new high-performance magnesium slag desulfurizer modified by quenching hydration

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The original magnesium slag has poor desulfurization activity, so modification treatments are needed to improve its desulfurization activity. In...     

Fe-Ni-Si三元合金辐照诱发的Ni-Si团簇形核及生长演变机制

目的探索辐照条件下Ni与Si元素的相互作用对RPV合金中团簇形成演变的影响。方法对PRV合金的三元模型合金Fe-Ni-Si做离子辐照实验,并采用原子探针技术对团簇进行分析,采用纳米压痕技术进行硬度分析。结果纳米压痕的结果表明,材料的硬度随辐照剂量的升高而增大。原子探针结果表明,辐照后材料中产生了Ni-Si溶质团簇,且随着辐照剂量的增加,团簇的数量密度与体积分数都呈现增大趋势。在不同的辐照剂量下,团簇中的Si/Ni不同,随着团簇尺寸的增大,Si/Ni比呈现上升趋势。结论在低剂量时,Ni-Si团簇处于早期独立形核阶段,团簇内的Ni占比较高;高剂量时,Ni-Si团簇的合并生长占主导地位,且主要以大团簇吞并小团簇的方式生长;团簇中Si的质量分数随着团簇的尺寸增加而增大。     

Tracing the impact of stack configuration on interface resistances in reverse electrodialysis by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• RED performance and stack resistance were studied by EIS and LSV. • Interface resistance were discriminated from Ohmic resistance by EIS. • Impacts of spacer shadow effect and concentration polarization were analyzed. • Ionic short current reduced the power density for more cell pairs. • The results enabled to predict RED performance with different configurations. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an emerging membrane-based technology for the production of renewable energy from mixing waters with different salinities. Herein, the impact of the stack configuration on the Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances as well as the performance of RED were systematically studied by using in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three different parameters (membrane type, number of cell pairs and spacer design) were controlled. The Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances were evaluated for RED stacks equipped with two types of commercial membranes (Type I and Type II) supplied by Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V: Type I Fuji membranes displayed higher Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances than Type II membranes, which was mainly attributed to the difference in fixed charge density. The output power of the stack was observed to decrease with the increasing number of cell pairs mainly due to the increase in ionic shortcut currents. With the reduction in spacer thickness from 750 to 200 µm, the permselectivity of membranes in the stack decreased from 0.86 to 0.79 whereas the energy efficiency losses increased from 31% to 49%. Overall, the output of the present study provides a basis for understanding the impact of stack design on internal losses during the scaling-up of RED.     

Functionalized porous nanoscale Fe3O4 particles supported biochar from peanut shell for Pb(II) ions removal from landscape wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The large amounts ofheavy metal from landscape wastewater have become serious problems of environmental pollution and risks for human health. The...     

Enantioselective hydrolysis and photolysis of mandipropamid in different aquatic environments — evaluation of influencing factors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The hydrolysis and photolysis of the chiral fungicide mandipropamid were investigated, and the potential enantioselectivity of mandipropamid in...     

Influence of shrub root combinations and spacing on slope stability: study case at the Yongding River flooding regime,Langfang, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Research on the mechanism of plant root–soil consolidation is a current focus in research into the ecological restoration of banks. The...