除尘系统阻力平衡技术措施探讨

分析了除尘系统常用的几种阻力平衡措施的特点和孔板节流装置的工作原理 ,通过比较分析从工程设计、调试、运行效果等方面阐述了孔板节流装置的优点     

青霉素菌渣堆肥过程中青霉素钠降解菌的分离与鉴定

为了研究开发青霉素发酵菌渣堆肥资源化与无害化技术,采用传统的富集、分离、纯化等微生物学方法,在青霉素菌渣与猪粪混合堆肥过程中筛选出一株青霉素钠高效降解菌——PC-2,并对其进行形态表征和基于16S rRNA基因序列的微生物种属鉴定. 结果表明:菌株PC-2属螯合球菌属(Chelatococcus sp.),其能够利用青霉素钠为唯一碳源生长,但外加碳、氮源可显著提高菌株PC-2对青霉素钠的降解效率. 当葡萄糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源、菌株PC-2接种量为14%、pH为6~8时,菌株PC-2在37 ℃下振荡培养6 h,对初始ρ(青霉素钠)为400 mg/L的青霉素钠的降解率可达98%以上. 自堆肥过程中获取高效青霉素钠降解菌PC-2,预示着其在菌渣堆肥过程中的应用潜力,也有助于深入开展青霉素制药菌渣的安全有效与无害化处理处置方法的研究.      

烟道式脱硫装置处理冶炼厂高浓度SO2烟气的工程实践

本文介绍了烟道式脱硫装置的特点及工艺原理 ,采用该装置处理某冶炼厂高浓度SO2 烟气 ,其脱硫率达 90 %以上 ,净化后的烟气可直接达标排放 ,并年产合格脱硫石膏近万吨。烟道式脱硫装置解决了常规脱硫除尘装置共同存在的结垢和堵塞问题 ,在冶炼烟气治理方面具有一定的推广应用价值。     

可见光响应的碘掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及其作用机理

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物制备了碘掺杂TiO2催化剂(I-TiO2),考察了碘掺杂量、水解水量、水解温度和煅烧温度对催化剂物理化学性质与光催化活性的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示,I-TiO2由锐钛矿相和金红石相组成。在可见光照射下,通过降解水溶液中的苯酚评价了I-TiO2催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,在水解温度为20℃,水解水量为300 mL,煅烧温度为400℃,碘钛比(摩尔比)为20%的制备条件下,催化剂显示了最优的光催化活性。通过向反应体系中引入自由基捕获剂及降低溶解氧,证实光催化降解苯酚主要由光生空穴或吸附的羟基自由基引发。     

灰色消解模型的改进——z变换后的线性回归解法

针对文献中提出的灰色消解模型的建模方法进行了ｚ变换，然后改用线性回归的办法求解，实例验证后表明，模拟拟合状况一致，但计算工作量大为减轻。     

Climate adaptation management and institutional erosion: insights from a major Canadian port

This paper performs an institutional analysis of the adaptation to climate change by ports, through a case study of the port of Vancouver, Canada. While previous literature has demonstrated the value of informal institutions for filling gaps left by formal institutions, the role of failed informal institutions has received less attention. Our analysis reveals how, in the case of an unprecedented challenge like climate adaptation, relying on informal institutions with less agency can actually erode the strength of existing institutions in a form of negative institutional plasticity. In this case, emerging polycentric governance was unsuccessful, unable to construct clearly demarcated responsibilities due to impedance by the path dependence of the current federalist system. The latter works well for traditional infrastructure investments with a closed pool of stakeholders, but not for ports where multiple scales of embeddedness, both horizontally and vertically, produce a collective action problem with no mechanism for resolution.     

基于响应曲面法的环境因素对生活污水三维荧光光谱的影响

采用响应曲面法（RSM）研究温度（10~35℃）、pH（3~11）、稀释倍数（1~10）及交互作用对生活污水溶解性有机物（DOM）三维荧光光谱特性的影响规律。研究表明：生活污水DOM主要含有类色氨酸蛋白质、类酪氨酸蛋白质和类富里酸荧光峰;响应曲面分析表明,温度、pH、稀释倍数其交互作用对于类色氨酸蛋白质荧光强度的影响强弱顺序为：稀释倍数 > pH > 温度、pH-稀释倍数 > 温度-pH > 温度-稀释倍数,其中温度-pH和温度-稀释倍数对其荧光强度的影响为拮抗作用,pH-稀释倍数为协同作用;对于类酪氨酸蛋白质,单因素影响顺序为：pH > 稀释倍数 > 温度,其他情况与类色氨酸蛋白质相似;对于类富里酸,温度、pH、稀释倍数及其交互作用对其影响规律与对类色氨酸蛋白质的相似,但交互作用类型与类色氨酸蛋白质情况相反。     

响应曲面法优化HMBR去除TN的工艺条件

采用复合式膜生物反应器HMBR处理低C/N(3-5)实际生活污水,TN含量17~45 mg/L。基于CCD响应曲面法,考察了溶解氧DO、水力停留时间HRT和污泥龄SRT的单独作用及交互作用,并建立TN去除率数学模型。结果表明,影响因子显著性顺序为HRT>SRT>DO,三者间存在一定的交互作用,但并不显著;数学模型回归性较好,预测最大TN去除率为75%,最佳条件组合为:DO=3.79 mg/L,HRT=8.84 h,SRT=33.62 d,验证实验结果TN的去除率为73%,与预测值相比偏差仅为3%。采用HMBR处理低C/N生活污水,可以满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准中对TN≤15 mg/L的限制要求。     

突变灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶降解刚果红的响应面法优化分析

酶法降解偶氮染料刚果红是一个复杂的过程,受温度、pH、酶量、刚果红浓度和双氧水浓度显著影响。为研究各因素及因素间交互作用对刚果红降解影响,提高刚果红的降解率,分别使用单因素法和响应面分析法对刚果红降解条件进行了优化。单因素实验结果显示灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶降解刚果红的最适条件为：pH5．0、32℃、酶量4．98u、双氧水0．1mmol／L、刚果红20mg／L,此时刚果红最高降解率为34．84％。然后选双氧水浓度、刚果红浓度和灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶量作为3个因素,通过中心组合设计实验,用响应面法对刚果红降解进行优化分析,最后得到一个拟合度良好的二次多项方程模型（R2=0．9900）。方差分析结果显示,刚果红浓度和酶量是影响最显著的因素,双氧水与酶以及染料与酶之间的交互作用极显著。响应面分析优化后的反应体系为：双氧水浓度0．15mmol／L,刚果红浓度为27．21mg／L,酶为2．07U,在此条件下,刚果红降解率达58．13％。     

Contamination levels and human health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in street dust in an industrial city in Northwest China

This study investigated the content, distribution, and contamination levels of toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in street dust in Lanzhou, an industrial city in Northwest China. Meanwhile, the risk these metals posed to the urban ecosystem and human health was also evaluated using the potential ecological risk index and human exposure model. Results showed that concentrations of these metals in the dust are higher than the background value of local soil, with Cu having the highest levels. The districts of Anning and Xigu had the most extreme levels of contamination, while Chengguan and Qilihe districts were lightly contaminated, which can be partly attributed to human activities and traffic densities. In comparison with the concentrations of selected metals in other cities, the concentrations of heavy metals in Lanzhou were generally at moderate or low levels. Heavy metal concentration increased with decreasing dust particle size. The pollution indices of Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were in the range of 0.289–2.09, 0.332–2.15, 1.38–6.21, 0.358–2.59, and 0.560–1.83 with a mean of 1.37, 1.49, 3.18, 1.48, and 0.897, respectively. The geo-accumulation index (I _geo) suggested that Zn in street dust was of geologic origin, while Cd, Cr, Pb, and Cu were significantly impacted by anthropogenic sources. The comprehensive pollution index showed that urban dust poses a high potential ecological risk in Lanzhou. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects due to exposure to urban street dust were assessed for both children and adults. For non-carcinogenic effects, ingestion appeared to be the main route of exposure to dust particles and thus posed a higher health risk to both children and adults for all metals, followed by dermal contact. Hazard index values for all studied metals were lower than the safe level of 1, and Cr exhibited the highest risk value (0.249) for children, suggesting that the overall risk from exposure to multiple metals in dust is low. The carcinogenic risk for Cd and Cr was all below the acceptable level (< 10⁻⁶).