pH、溶解氧、叶绿素a之间相关性研究Ⅰ:养殖水体

利用国内、外近20年的资料和饮用水水源地潘家口水库现场围隔实验结果,分析养殖水体中pH、溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)和叶绿素a之间的相互关系.结果表明,当叶绿素a平均含量低于10μg/L时,水体交换弱的夏季和秋季养殖水域水体中pH、DO与叶绿素a无明显相关甚至无相关;水体交换强的夏季和秋季养殖水域水...     

湿法净化黑烟中添加剂对炭黑沉降性能的影响

湿法净化黑烟中炭黑颗粒物的关键在于降低吸收液的表面张力并以高性能絮凝剂使其从溶液中絮凝、沉降以利于分离。选用十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)为主要表面活性剂,使之与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和月桂醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO-9)进行复配实验,研究了复配液的表面张力,再向最低表面张力的复配表面活性剂溶液中投加絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),探讨絮凝剂的添加对黑烟颗粒沉降和絮凝的影响.实验结果表明:同时添加表面活性剂CTAB,SDBS和PAC,并使之浓度分别为0.5 mmol/L,0.4 mmol/L和200 mg/L时,炭黑颗粒的沉降效果最好,沉降率高达94%,且絮凝体较大,沉降时间仅为2 min。     

城市污水生物处理系统中微生物酶的活性及其分布

通过水解模式底物进行分光光度测定的方法,研究了城市污水生物处理系统中微生物酶的活性.选取亮氨酸氨基肽酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶和脂酶等胞外酶进行分析,结果发现4种胞外酶的平均活性在31.O～88.5 μmol/(L·h),其中76.9%～94.8%的酶活性分布在活性污泥中,说明绝大部分胞外酶是与细胞相连或固定在细胞外多聚絮体基质里.混合水样和出水水样中的DOC几乎相等,而各胞外酶与DOC不存在任何显著的相关关系.增加NO3-浓度可提高亮氨酸氨基肽酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,但对碱性磷酸酶和脂酶却有明显的抑制作用.     

清淤底泥农用地利用法律法规及技术标准探讨

梳理了河湖库清淤底泥农用地利用相关概念及其主要方式,分析了清淤底泥农用地利用相关法律法规以及国家标准、行业标准和地方标准.河湖库清淤底泥农用地利用以土壤改良剂、土料或以两者相结合的利用方式,可用于农田土壤改良、土壤肥力提升、耕地复垦以及矿坑修复、宕口治理、湿地修复、低洼地改造等.清淤底泥农用地利用是消纳大宗清淤底泥的重要途径,可实现生态效益、社会效益和经济效益互促共赢.我国已初步建立起以《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》为核心的农用地土壤污染防治法律法规体系,《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控土壤标准(试行)》(GB 15618-2018)是生产可食用农产品的农用地土壤污染风险管控主要标准.清淤底泥农用地利用风险管控的核心要求是\"禁止使用可能造成土壤污染的清淤底泥\".目前缺乏清淤底泥应用于农用地中其它类型土地的污染物控制国家标准,建议加快研制清淤底泥应用于其它类型农用地标准.现阶段建议根据保护目标确定土壤污染物含量控制标准,并遵循\"清淤底泥产物中污染物含量应不高于施用地土壤中相应的含量\"的原则.清淤底泥经处理后作为GB 15618-2018未规定的农用地土壤或农用地下层土壤填充物料时,应重点管控污染物生态风险及其随水分运移对表层土壤、地下水产生的环境风险,必要时应评估对农产品质量安全可能存在的影响和风险.《土壤质量决策单元-多点增量采样法》(GB/T 42489-2023)可用于淤泥理化性质和污染物含量测定的采样方法,在确保数据准确性和结论可靠性的基础上,合理控制样品数量,降低监测检测费用.     

含油岩屑热解特性与资源化

采用热红联用技术（TG-FTIR）对含油钻井岩屑进行热重实验研究,通过失重率（TG）曲线、失重速率（dTG）曲线获得其相关热解参数,通过FTIR图谱定性分析热解产物;进一步通过热解实验,对含油岩屑热解产物进行定量分析。实验结果表明,根据热解产物的不同可将含油岩屑热解过程分为3个阶段：低温段（25~350℃）、中温段（350~650℃）以及高温段（650~800℃）。其热解气体产物以一氧化碳和甲烷为主,冷凝液体产物主要为烃类与芳香族化合物。并探讨了含油岩屑经热解处理后产物资源化利用的方法。     

Destruction of polychlorinated naphthalenes by a high-temperature melting treatment (GeoMelt process)

A series of treatment experiments were carried out to evaluate the applicability of a high-temperature melting treatment (GeoMelt process) to the destruction of polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) formulation. We started with 10-kg-scale experiments in which a small melting furnace was used and then scaled up to a 1-t-scale experiment in which a melting furnace that resembled an actual treatment system was used. These runs were evaluated whether destruction efficiency (DE) of total PCNs was more than 99.999 % and whether concentrations of PCNs and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs) in vitrified materials, emission gas, and scrubber water were below the target levels. Because DE values and the target levels of PCNs and PCDDs/DFs in these runs were satisfactory, then we carried out a demonstrative experiment using the actual treatment system and confirmed destruction of PCNs. Based on good results of the demonstrative experiment, stock of PCN formulation was successfully treated continuously.     

茅草添加与温度变化对餐厨垃圾厌氧水解产酸的影响

比较了茅草添加在温度变化条件下对餐厨垃圾厌氧水解过程小分子有机酸产量的影响,提出一种新型餐厨垃圾的资源化方式。研究结果显示,餐厨垃圾在55℃条件下厌氧水解主要产物为乳酸,达到25．7g／L,其干物质转化率可以达到32．1％（gTS）,而餐厨＋茅草处理在同样条件下的乳酸产量为20．1g／L,干物质转化率为25．1％。温度下降为37℃后继续进行的的厌氧水解,得到的主要产物是乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,餐厨处理和餐厨＋茅草处理这两者的峰值分别为6．5、2．8、8．0和6．1g／L、2．7g／L和5．9g／L。结果显示茅草添加可以在一定程度上调节水解产物的比例,而温度变化可以调控小分子有机酸的产量。本研究结果表明,厌氧水解是一种有潜力的小分子有机酸生产与餐厨垃圾资源化处理途径。     

Management-oriented sensitivity analysis for pesticide transport in watershed-scale water quality modeling using SWAT

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated for hydrology conditions in an agricultural watershed of Orestimba Creek, California, and applied to simulate fate and transport of two organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon. The model showed capability in evaluating pesticide fate and transport processes in agricultural fields and instream network. Management-oriented sensitivity analysis was conducted by applied stochastic SWAT simulations for pesticide distribution. Results of sensitivity analysis identified the governing processes in pesticide outputs as surface runoff, soil erosion, and sedimentation in the study area. By incorporating sensitive parameters in pesticide transport simulation, effects of structural best management practices (BMPs) in improving surface water quality were demonstrated by SWAT modeling. This study also recommends conservation practices designed to reduce field yield and in-stream transport capacity of sediment, such as filter strip, grassed waterway, crop residue management, and tailwater pond to be implemented in the Orestimba Creek watershed.     

Low digestibility of phytate phosphorus,their impacts on the environment,and phytase opportunity in the poultry industry

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phosphorus is an essential macro-mineral nutrient for poultry, needed for the body growth, development of bones, genomic function, good...