Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal solid waste landfill leachates from western China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Landfill leachate has been documented as a significant source of trace organic pollutants, comprising an expansive family of per- and polyfluoroalkyl...     

我国高效节水型可持续农业发展模式选择

通过发展高效节水农业的背景和技术基础分析,根据我国区域光热、水土资源特点,以提高大气水、地表水、土壤水和地下水等水资源的利用效率为目的,以提高土地的生物学产量和经济效益为目标,研究提出了抗旱型、立体型、设施型、 复合型、免耕型和集水型等高效节水型农业发展模式,为今后建立我国不同特色的集约高效节水型农业提供可供借鉴的模式。     

铁在黄河底泥上吸附-絮凝-沉降的研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了黄河底泥对水体中总铁的吸附,并研究了无机高分子絮凝剂(铁铝共聚物)对吸附产生的影响．结果表明,在黄河底泥对总铁的吸附过程中,pH值和底泥的浓度均会对吸附量产生很大影响．在其特征pH值吸附范围内,随着pH值的升高,吸附量相应增加．同时,在特定的pH值和底泥浓度下,随着总铁初始浓度的增加,吸附量也相应增加;而在总铁初始浓度不变的情况下,随着底泥浓度的增加,水体中平衡吸附量减少．结果还表明,絮凝剂的加入,可使黄河底泥对总铁的吸附量明显增加,从而提高水体中总铁的去除率．     

用离线超临界流体萃取—气相色谱＼质谱考察兰州市大气层中有机污染物

按照功能分区布点濡兰州市选择火车站,盘旋路,中山桥,化物所六楼楼顶,西固街区,兰炼厂区,雁滩乡和兰山山顶八个点采集大气气相有污染物样品,燕在２２．０ＭＰａ,８０℃用甲醇改性的ＣＯ２萃取,ＧＣ／ＭＳ进行定性定量分析,结果表明,最高含量在兰厂区处,最低为兰山山顶。同时发现雨天的污染情况明显低于晴天,而在一日中下午污染最严重,夜晚较低。     

雾霾的预防和控制措施研究

雾霾的形成,主要是城市静风、大气逆温层以及大气中细颗粒物污染的综合效应。控制和预防雾霾,应该加强机动车的监控、鼓励清洁能源汽车的研发、生产和销售。大力发展城市公共交通、建设城市公共自行车网络,严格建筑扬尘的管理和对重点大气污染源的治理,实行联防联控和区域联动机制,环保部门要全面开展雾霾监测,会同气象部门,结合气象参数等各方面资料,建立健全雾霾的预警预报体系,同时倡导全民低碳出行的生产、生活理念以及加强环保的宣传教育,提高全民环保意识。     

Irrigation quotas for high water use efficiency and economic water productivity of typical crops in Shiyang River Basin北大核心CSCD

Water consumption in agricultural activities is the main water use in inland oases in Northwest China. Research on water conservation in agriculture is of great significance to alleviate the conflict between the use of agricultural and ecological water and is of great importance to local farmers’ livelihoods. This study, based on traditional irrigation practices (flood irrigation and fixed irrigation frequency) of Minqin County in Shiyang River Basion, was designed to reveal the impacts of five irrigation quotas (1 800, 1 440, 1 080, 720, and 360 m3/hm2) on crop yield, biomass, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and economic water productivity (EWP) to determine the optimal irrigation for five crops and guide local irrigation practices. The results showed that: (1) Under the five irrigation quotas, IWUE of corn, with the highest of 12.27 kg/m3, was higher than the other four crops; (2) The average EWP of cotton with a 2-year-average of 8.0 yuan/m3 was higher than the other four crops. Thus, the economic output of cotton is the best under the same irrigation quota; (3) Considering the yield, IWUE, EWP, and biomass, corn was better than the other four typical crops; and (4) 1 080 m3/hm2 was the optimal irrigation quota for sunflower in local planting practices. In addition, 720 m3/hm2 was suitable for corn, pepper, wheat, and cotton as their irrigation quota. This study shows that reducing the amount of irrigation quota in the Shiyang River Basin can effectively improve local IWUE and EWP. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Design of nanofibre interlayer supported forward osmosis composite membranes and its evaluation in fouling study with cleaning

• A fine fibre (40–60 nm diameter) interlayer (~1 µm thickness) was electrospun. • Fine fibre interlayer promoted formation of defect-free dense polyamide layer. • FO membrane with dual-layer substrate had less organic fouling potential. • High reverse salt flux accelerated organic fouling on FO membrane. Nanofibre-supported forward osmosis (FO) membranes have gained popularity owing to their low structural parameters and high water flux. However, the nanofibrous membranes are less stable in long-term use, and their fouling behaviours with foulants in both feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) is less studied. This study developed a nanofibrous thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane by designing a tiered dual-layer nanofibrous substrate to enhance membrane stability during long-term usage and cleaning. Various characterisation methods were used to study the effect of the electrospun nanofibre interlayer and drying time, which is the interval after removing the M-phenylenediamine (MPD) solution and before reacting with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) solution, on the intrinsic separation FO performance. The separation performance of the dual-layer nanofibrous FO membranes was examined using model foulants (sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin) in both the FS and DS. The dual-layer nanofibrous substrate was superior to the single-layer nanofibrous substrate and showed a flux of 30.2 L/m²/h (LMH) when using 1.5 mol/L NaCl against deionised (DI) water in the active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) mode. In the fouling test, the water flux was effectively improved without sacrificing the water/solute selectivity under the condition that foulants existed in both the FS and DS. In addition, the dual-layer nanofibrous TFC FO membrane was more robust during the fouling test and cleaning.     

Uptake,translocation, and degradation of spirotetramat in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller): Impact of the mixed-application with pymetrozine

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, we investigated the impact of the mixed-application with pymetrozine on the behavior (i.e., uptake, translocation, and degradation) of...     

Can collaborative innovation constrain ecological footprint? Empirical evidence from Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Collaborative innovation can promote scientific productivity and the development of clean technology and thus has a great potential in constraining...