四川省眉山市“三线一单”编制案例分析

通过四川省眉山市“三线一单”编制试点工作的开展,探索出适合四川省情、尺度得当、具有可操作性的环境管控单元划分方法和适用技术方法以及生态环境准入清单制定原则,为全省“三线一单”编制工作的顺利推进起到了示范和引领作用。     

二氧化碳资源化技术研究进展

过量的二氧化碳(CO2)排放可导致温室效应的不断加剧,因此CO2减排受到越来越多的关注,其中将CO2转化为附加值较高的化工产品,即CO2资源化利用技术不仅可实现CO2减排,同时具有一定的经济效益。CO2资源化利用技术主要包括光化学还原法、电化学还原法和催化转移氢化法等。重点介绍并总结了以上3种方法的特点、优势和不足,指出未来需研究解决的关键问题和研究方向,为实现高效的CO2资源化利用提供借鉴和参考。     

中国生态环境科技创新体系建设研究

分析国内外生态环境科技创新的发展现状,相比较国外以市场机制为导向、以企业为创新主体、政府通过政策和管辖支撑创新的体系特征,我国已形成四大类环境类科创载体,但尚未形成成熟有效的技术成果产业化机制以及市场与政策协同促进科技创新的发展模式。本文根据生态环境科技创新的强政策驱动性、技术验证放大周期长以及集成性强的特点,重点通过环境技术研发、技术成果转化、技术放大与赋能、产业拓展与推广四个方面阐述了生态环境科技创新体系建设的主要环节：环境技术的研发由以科研机构为主的传统自发性研发、企业迭代性研发和联合应用型研发组成;技术成果的转化经历挖掘发现、技术识别与判断、知识产权评估评价后进入已成立的企业或新设公司,在这一过程中,成果转化专业队伍起着至关重要的作用;技术放大与赋能旨在为有创新技术的企业提供科技创新政策、二次研发中试验证、首台套工程案例、投融资等资源的对接,以协助初创企业成长;产业的拓展与推广则通过为解决环境问题形成集成方案、孵化平台为企业背书和产业政策匹配等方式助力企业长期发展。最后从加强专业化创新平台、技术评估体系、成果转化人才培养体系建设以及疏通投融资渠道等方面对中国未来生态环境科技创新发展提出相关建议。     

基于ZIF-L的微固相萃取技术测定地表水中痕量典型多环芳烃

制备类沸石咪唑酯骨架ZIF-L材料,将其用作微固相萃取吸附剂,处理水中萘、苊、苊烯、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘等8种痕量典型多环芳烃,再用HPLC测定。试验表明,ZIF-L对上述多环芳烃的萃取效率明显高于商品化萃取材料C 18和多壁碳纳米管。方法在0.100μg/L^200μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.02μg/L^0.03μg/L,标准溶液5次测定结果的RSD为4.7%~9.5%,实际水样加标回收率为84.5%~115%。将该方法用于北太湖5个点位水样的测定,测定值为未检出~3.40μg/L。     

Sulfur cycle as an electron mediator between carbon and nitrate in a constructed wetland microcosm

• Fe(III) accepted the most electrons from organics, followed by NO₃^‒, SO₄^2‒, and O₂. • The electrons accepted by SO₄^2‒ could be stored in the solid AVS, FeS₂-S, and S⁰. • The autotrophic denitrification driven by solid S had two-phase characteristics. • A conceptual model involving electron acceptance, storage, and donation was built. • S cycle transferred electrons between organics and NO₃^‒ with an efficiency of 15%. A constructed wetland microcosm was employed to investigate the sulfur cycle-mediated electron transfer between carbon and nitrate. Sulfate accepted electrons from organics at the average rate of 0.84 mol/(m³·d) through sulfate reduction, which accounted for 20.0% of the electron input rate. The remainder of the electrons derived from organics were accepted by dissolved oxygen (2.6%), nitrate (26.8%), and iron(III) (39.9%). The sulfide produced from sulfate reduction was transformed into acid-volatile sulfide, pyrite, and elemental sulfur, which were deposited in the substratum, storing electrons in the microcosm at the average rate of 0.52 mol/(m³·d). In the presence of nitrate, the acid-volatile and elemental sulfur were oxidized to sulfate, donating electrons at the average rate of 0.14 mol/(m³·d) and driving autotrophic denitrification at the average rate of 0.30 g N/(m³·d). The overall electron transfer efficiency of the sulfur cycle for autotrophic denitrification was 15.3%. A mass balance assessment indicated that approximately 50% of the input sulfur was discharged from the microcosm, and the remainder was removed through deposition (49%) and plant uptake (1%). Dominant sulfate-reducing (i.e., Desulfovirga, Desulforhopalus, Desulfatitalea, and Desulfatirhabdium) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (i.e., Thiohalobacter, Thiobacillus, Sulfuritalea, and Sulfurisoma), which jointly fulfilled a sustainable sulfur cycle, were identified. These results improved understanding of electron transfers among carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles in constructed wetlands, and are of engineering significance.     

High heterogeneity of bacterioplankton community shaped by spatially structured environmental factors in West Lake,a typical urban lake in eastern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Elucidating the bacterioplankton spatial distribution patterns and its determinants is a central topic in ecological research. However, research on...     

饮用水中三卤甲烷的生成机理与影响因素研究进展

在饮用水消毒过程中,氯会与天然有机物(NOM)等反应生成消毒副产物(DBPs),三卤甲烷(THMs)是一种主要的DBPs,长期低浓度的THMs暴露对人体有一定的健康风险。THMs和其前驱物种类繁多、生成机理复杂且影响因素诸多,如何抑制消毒过程中THMs的形成是饮用水安全领域的研究热点。通过查阅大量文献,从THMs形成机理及影响因素等方面归纳了目前THMs研究现状,总结了甲基酮、腐殖酸、氨基酸、β-二酮等重要前驱物生成THMs的反应途径,探讨了操作条件以及离子对THMs生成的影响,对该领域未来研究方向进行了展望。     

纳米二氧化铈的潜在生态风险及毒性作用机制研究进展

作为重要的纳米稀土化合物,纳米二氧化铈(CeO2 )被广泛应用于工、农、医学等领域,随之而来的是大量的纳米CeO2 在其生产使用和处理处置等过程中被释放进入到环境中,进而导致其生物安全性受到越来越多的关注.本文从纳米CeO2 对细胞、组织器官、植物、水生生物和土壤生物产生的毒性效应入手,系统综述了纳米CeO2 的潜在环...     

薄基岩厚松散含水层下综放开采安全性研究

为研究薄基岩厚松散层含水层下综放开采的安全性,通过对赵家寨煤矿12采区东翼松散层地质特征分析,将其分为"一隔三含",并揭露其厚度和结构分布特征对煤炭开采的影响。采用经验公式计算不同采高下导水裂隙带高度,并建立UDEC数值模型模拟分析开采过程中上覆岩层变形破坏规律。基于导水裂隙带高度经验公式计算、数值模拟结果和相关实测资料,并结合12采区东翼的地质特征,引入"导水裂隙带高度调整系数n"概念,提出并验证该区域的导水裂隙带高度计算公式。结果表明,12采区东翼大部分区域可疏干新近系下部含水层后开采,研究内容可减小防水煤岩柱高度,提高煤炭采出率。